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中国精品科技期刊2020
尹凯波,郑子露,金嘉悦,等. 虾蟹壳废弃物中几丁质的制备及应用进展[J]. 食品工业科技,2024,45(20):407−414. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023110262.
引用本文: 尹凯波,郑子露,金嘉悦,等. 虾蟹壳废弃物中几丁质的制备及应用进展[J]. 食品工业科技,2024,45(20):407−414. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023110262.
YIN Kaibo, ZHENG Zilu, JIN Jiayue, et al. Extraction Method and Application Progress of Chitin from Shrimp and Crab Shell Waste[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(20): 407−414. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023110262.
Citation: YIN Kaibo, ZHENG Zilu, JIN Jiayue, et al. Extraction Method and Application Progress of Chitin from Shrimp and Crab Shell Waste[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(20): 407−414. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023110262.

虾蟹壳废弃物中几丁质的制备及应用进展

Extraction Method and Application Progress of Chitin from Shrimp and Crab Shell Waste

  • 摘要: 随着虾蟹生产和消费量的逐渐增加,大量虾蟹壳直接当做垃圾处理,造成很大的环境压力。虾蟹壳中含有丰富的几丁质,如能对其进行提取制备,既有助于减轻环境污染又能提高资源利用率。受现有制备技术、生产成本和节能环保的影响,目前利用废弃虾蟹壳制备几丁质仍处于中小型规模。科研人员一直致力于开发新的制备方法及优化工艺,希望能够扩大虾蟹壳几丁质的生产规模,提高废弃资源利用效率。本文主要阐述了利用化学法、生物法、物理法从虾蟹壳废弃物中制备几丁质的研究现状,分析各种制备方法的优缺点、存在的问题和发展前景,以及几丁质在抑菌剂、吸附剂、生物膜等方面的应用情况。目前工业上主要采用传统酸碱法制备几丁质,其优势在于技术成熟,工艺流程简单,操作方便,但该方法使用强酸强碱,存在对环境二次污染的问题。与之相比,低共熔溶法、酶解法及微生物发酵法更具环境效益,因此开发低成本天然低共熔溶剂、构建重组酶、构建功能菌群,是未来虾蟹壳废弃物中制备几丁质的研究重点。

     

    Abstract: With the gradual increase in the production and consumption of shrimp and crabs, a large amount of their shells are directly treated as garbage, resulting in significant environmental pressure. Shrimp and crab shells are rich in chitin. If extracted and prepared, it can not only help reduce environmental pollution but also improve resource utilization. Due to the limitations of existing preparation technologies, production costs, energy conservation and environmental protection, the current utilization of discarded shrimp and crab shells for chitin production remains at a small to medium scale. Therefore, researchers strive to develop new preparation methods and optimizing processes, hoping to expand the production scale of chitin from shrimp and crab shells and improve the efficiency of waste resource utilization. This review mainly elaborates on the research status of preparing chitin from shrimp and crab shell waste using chemical, biological, and physical methods. It also analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, existing problems, and development prospects of various preparation methods, as well as the applications of chitin in bacteriostatic agents, adsorbents, and biofilms. Currently, the traditional acid-base method is mainly used in industry for chitin preparation, with advantages such as mature technology, simple process flow, and convenient operation. However, this method uses strong acids and bases, posing the problem of secondary environmental pollution. In contrast, eutectic solvent method, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation are more environmentally beneficial. Therefore, developing low-cost natural eutectic solvents, constructing recombinant enzymes, and constructing functional microbial communities are the research focuses for preparing chitin from shrimp and crab shell waste in the future.

     

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