Research on the Stability of Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne Cloudy Iuice
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摘要: 浑浊型光皮木瓜果汁中由于不溶性固形物含量较高,对产品的稳定性提出了更高要求。以新鲜光皮木瓜为原料,研究了取汁方式、不同稳定剂和杀菌方式对果汁稳定性的影响。结果表明,打浆取汁的不溶性固形物含量为(36.56 ± 1.27)%,显著高于压榨法,更有利于产品香气、营养成分等的保留;黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、结冷胶最适复配添加量分别为0.02%、0.02%、0.10%时,果汁的加权稳定性最高,其中黏度值为(23.55 ± 0.78)mPa·s,悬浮稳定性为(94.19 ± 0.91)%;果汁经高温短时杀菌(121 ℃/0.1 MPa/30 s),贮藏期40 d以内果汁菌落总数均低于限值(2 lg CFU/mL),悬浮稳定性保持至(65.17 ± 0.83)%,显著高于巴氏杀菌,感官品质处于较好的水平(感官评分>8)。该研究为提高果汁在加工与贮藏中的稳定性提供理论依据。Abstract: The higher requirements were put forward for the stability of Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne cloudy juice, becausehighcontentof insoluble solids was easy to form precipitation during product storage. To improve the storage quality of product, the effects of juice extraction method, stabilizer selection and sterilization method on juice stability were studied with the fresh Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne as raw material. Results indicated that juice processed by beating had significantly increased insoluble solid contents (36.56 ± 1.27)% than squeezing, which was more conducive to the improvement of aroma and nutrients. Selection and compounding of stabilizers experiments showed that viscosity and suspension stability were (23.55 ± 0.78) mPa·s and (94.19 ± 0.91)%, and the weighted stability was highest, when the optimal dosage of xanthan gum, guar gum, and gellan gum were 0.02%, 0.02% and 0.10% respectively. The cloudy juice was sterilized by HTST (121 ℃/0.1 MPa/30 s), which could well keep the total plate count in juice below 2 lg CFU/mL during storage period (≤40 d).HTST juice maintained the better suspension stability (65.17 ± 0.83)% than pasteurization juice (90 ℃/15 min), and its sensory qualities were well controlled during storage (sensory scores>8). This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the stability of juice in processing and storage.
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表 1 均匀试验设计因素水平表
Table 1. Factors and levels of uniform design
水平 X1黄原胶(%) X2瓜尔豆胶(%) X3结冷胶(%) 1 0.0200 0.0200 0.0500 2 0.0271 0.0271 0.0571 3 0.0343 0.0343 0.0643 4 0.0414 0.0414 0.0714 5 0.0486 0.0486 0.0786 6 0.0557 0.0557 0.0857 7 0.0629 0.0629 0.0929 8 0.0700 0.0700 0.1000 表 2 感官质量评定标准
Table 2. Sensory quality evaluation standard of cloudy juice
等级/分值 香气 色泽 风味 组织状态 很好(9~10分) 木瓜香气浓郁,协调 带良好的果肉颜色,色泽纯正、均匀 口感好,无苦涩味 无分层,组织状态均匀 好(8~9分) 木瓜香气稍淡,无蒸煮味 带果肉颜色但较淡,色泽均匀 口感较好,无苦涩味 无分层,少许果肉沉淀 一般(7~8分) 木瓜香气淡,带少许蒸煮味 带果肉颜色,色泽均匀,有少许杂色 口感一般,带少许苦涩味 稍有分层,为果肉沉淀,无杂质或漂浮物 差(6~7分) 无木瓜香气,带少许蒸煮味 非正常果肉颜色,色泽不均匀,杂色明显 口感差,带少许苦涩味 分层明显,有较多果肉沉淀,无杂质或漂浮物 很差(5~6分) 无木瓜香气,蒸煮味较重 非正常果肉颜色,色泽不均匀,杂色深 苦涩味明显 分层明显,有大量沉淀,存在杂质或漂浮物 表 3 不同稳定剂对果汁稳定效果的影响
Table 3. Effect of different stabilizer on cloudy juice stability
稳定剂种类 黏度值(mPa·s) 悬浮稳定性(%) 结冷胶 19.80 ± 0.68a 82.57 ± 0.61a 黄原胶 18.71 ± 0.22b 80.95 ± 0.67b 瓜尔豆胶 16.58 ± 0.51c 75.91 ± 0.44c 卡拉胶 14.13 ± 0.52d 31.61 ± 0.59g 海藻酸钠 12.57 ± 0.41e 12.57 ± 0.26h 羧甲基纤维素钠 12.10 ± 0.36e 64.67 ± 0.76d 阿拉伯胶 11.31 ± 0.36f 40.75 ± 0.71f 果胶 10.69 ± 0.44f 44.01 ± 0.60e 注:同列不同上标字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 表 4 U8(83)均匀试验结果
Table 4. Results of U8(83) uniform design
序号 X1黄
原胶X2瓜尔
豆胶X3结
冷胶黏度值
(mPa·s)悬浮
稳定性(%)Y加权
稳定性(%)1 3 4 1 18.92 81.39 76.81 2 7 7 2 18.40 80.76 75.90 3 1 6 4 17.35 78.34 73.63 4 2 2 7 21.27 91.13 86.07 5 6 5 8 20.58 86.41 81.96 6 5 1 3 21.07 89.02 84.32 7 4 8 6 19.73 81.35 77.45 8 8 3 5 21.79 85.38 82.19 表 5 试验数据的二次多项式逐步回归分析结果
Table 5. Results and analysis of data processing by quadratic polynomial
因素 偏相关 T检验值 P值 X2 −0.983 2 7.608 6 0.004 7 X22 0.942 8 3.998 8 0.028 0 X32 0.969 6 5.601 8 0.011 2 X1X2 0.915 6 3.220 7 0.048 6 X1X3 −0.484 6 0.783 4 0.490 5 表 6 杀菌方式对果汁悬浮稳定性的影响(%)
Table 6. Effects of sterilization treatment on juice suspension stability (%)
表 7 杀菌方式对果汁菌落总数的影响(lg CFU/mL)
Table 7. Effects of sterilization treatmenton the total plate count in juice (lg CFU/mL)
贮藏时间(d) 0 10 20 30 40 50 对照 3.39 ± 0.07a − − − − − 巴氏杀菌 1.34 ± 0.13Db 1.29 ± 0.07Da 1.38 ± 0.06Da 1.64 ± 0.06Ca 1.97 ± 0.12Ba 2.37 ± 0.18Aa 高温短时杀菌 1.14 ± 0.10Db 1.21 ± 0.12Da 1.28 ± 0.09Da 1.49 ± 0.08Ca 1.71 ± 0.10Bb 2.06 ± 0.04Ab 表 8 杀菌方式对果汁感官质量的影响
Table 8. Effects of sterilization treatment on the sensory quality of juice
贮藏时间(d) 0 10 20 30 40 对照 8.87 ± 0.19a − − − − 巴氏杀菌 8.69 ± 0.21Aa 8.61 ± 0.16Aa 8.39 ± 0.32Ba 8.23 ± 0.11Ba 8.08 ± 0.08Ca 高温短时杀菌 8.49 ± 0.23Ab 8.48 ± 0.19Aa 8.31 ± 0.17Aa 8.14 ± 0.13Ba 8.03 ± 0.12Ba -
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