基于代谢组学辨析广西长寿饮食模式对机体的有益影响

韩坤宸; 朱雯君; 赵海燕; 何潜祖; 马金克; 于晓涵; 张钦任; 李全阳

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022010237

基于代谢组学辨析广西长寿饮食模式对机体的有益影响

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022010237

1.
广西大学轻工与食品工程学院，广西南宁 530004
2.
广西大学医院，广西南宁 530004

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（31871802）；广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB18221065）。

详细信息

作者简介:
韩坤宸（1996−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：食品营养与健康长寿，E-mail：Ishankunchen@163.com

通讯作者:
李全阳（1964−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：食品营养与健康长寿，E-mail：liquanyang@gxu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TS201.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-26
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-17
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-03

Exploring the Beneficial Effects of Guangxi Longevity Dietary Patterns on Human Body Based on Metabolomics

1.
College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2.
Guangxi University Hospital, Nanning 530004, China

摘要

摘要: 为了深入探究饮食与机体健康状态的关系，本研究试图从代谢组学的角度，评估所构建的广西长寿饮食模式对人体的有益影响。筛选志愿者在经过2周习惯性饮食后，高依从性地遵循这种饮食模式2周，在习惯性饮食前，广西长寿饮食前（习惯性饮食后）和广西长寿饮食后3次分别采集志愿者的血液和粪便样品，进行代谢组学分析。归纳所得结果发现，广西长寿饮食干预后志愿者血清组氨酸、甘油、α-葡萄糖和β-葡萄糖相对丰度显著增加（P<0.05），胆碱和乳酸的相对丰度显著降低（P<0.05）。此外还发现，粪便中的乙酸盐和丁酸盐含量显著上升（P<0.05）。代谢物组富集分析和途径分析结果表明，这些代谢物的变化可能与糖酵解/糖异生途径、丙酮酸代谢和半乳糖代谢3条途径密切相关。通过对差异代谢物的分析，认为广西长寿饮食模式对改善机体炎症水平、调节机体健康状态、预防机体罹患心血管疾病具有一定的作用。上述结果也从代谢组学角度对饮食促进机体健康长寿的关系提供了一定机制方面的阐释。
- 饮食模式 /
- 益生效果 /
- 代谢组学 /
- 核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR） /
- 气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS） /
- 短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）
Abstract: To explore the relationship between diet and human health, this study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of the existing Guangxi longevity dietary pattern on the human body from metabolomics. After 2 weeks of habitual diet, the selected volunteers followed this dietary pattern with high adherence for the same period. The blood and fecal samples were collected 3 times then performed metabolomics analysis, including before the habitual diet, the beginning (which was also the ending point of habitual diet) and the end of Guangxi longevity dietary pattern. The results showed that after the Guangxi longevity dietary intervention of volunteers, the relative abundance of serum histidine, glycerol, α-glucose and β-glucose was significantly increased (P<0.05), but the relative richness of choline and lactic acid reduced obviously (P<0.05). In addition, the fecal acetate and butyrate increased apparently (P<0.05). Moreover, the analysis of metabolome enrichment and pathway revealed that these metabolites' variations might be closely related to three pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, pyruvate metabolism, and galactose metabolism. Through the analysis of differential metabolites, it was considered that Guangxi longevity dietary pattern played a promoted role in improving the level of inflammation, regulating the health status and preventing the organism from developing cardiovascular diseases. The above results also provide a mechanical explanation of the relationship between dietary patterns and healthy longevity from human metabolism.
- dietary pattern /
- beneficial effects /
- metabolomics /
- nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (¹H NMR) /
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) /
- short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)

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图 1 样品采集时间序列图示

Figure 1. Illustration of sample collection time series

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 志愿者习惯性饮食阶段和广西长寿饮食阶段的代表性CPMG ¹H NMR血清光谱

Figure 2. Typical 500 MHz ¹H NMR spectra of serum extracts for the volunteer with habitual diet and Guangxi longevity dietary

注：与δ0.5~4.6相比，δ5.0~.4区域的光谱垂直扩大了6倍。1.脂质；2.异亮氨酸；3.亮氨酸；4.缬氨酸；5.乙醇；6.乳酸；7.丙氨酸；8.赖氨酸；9.乙酸；10.N-乙酰糖蛋白；11.谷氨酰胺；12.蛋氨酸；13.丙酮；14.乙酰乙酸盐；15.柠檬酸；16.三甲胺；17.肌酐；18. N-亚硝基二甲胺；19.胆碱；20.磷酸胆碱；21.三甲胺-N-氧化物；22.脯氨酸；23.鲨肌醇；24.甘氨酸；25.甘油；26.丝氨酸；27.苏氨酸；28. β-葡萄糖；29.α-葡萄糖；30.不饱和脂肪酸；31.组氨酸；32.酪氨酸；33.丙酮酸。

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图 3 血清¹H NMR数据的多元分析

Figure 3. Multivariate data analysis of serum ¹H NMR data

注：（A）习惯性饮食前与广西长寿饮食干预前PCA模型得分图；（B）习惯性饮食后与广西长寿饮食干预后PCA模型得分图；（C）习惯性饮食后与广西长寿饮食干预后的OPLS-DA模型得分图；（D）置换检验图（200次）。

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图 4 代谢标志物的聚类分析及ROC分析

Figure 4. Cluster analysis and ROC analysis of potential biomarkers

注：（A）代谢标志物聚类分析图；（B）代谢标志物的ROC分析。

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图 5 代谢标志物路径富集分析和拓扑分析

Figure 5. Metabolic marker pathway enrichment analysis and topology analysis

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表 1 基线时志愿者临床和人口统计学特征

Table 1. Clinical and demographic characteristics of volunteers at baseline

基线特征	参数
年龄（岁）	62.93±9.36
性别（男/女）	7/7
BMI（kg/m²）	25.42±3.75

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 血清中主要代谢物的统计分析结果

Table 2. Statistical analysis results of the main metabolite in serum

代谢物（出峰位置）	VIP	相对丰度		P值
代谢物（出峰位置）	VIP	习惯性饮食	广西长寿饮食	P值
α-葡萄糖（5.23 ppm）	1.15	1.41±0.29	1.65±0.25↑	0.005
β-葡萄糖（3.90 ppm）	1.65	2.53±0.50	3.00±0.45↑	0.006
β-葡萄糖（3.43 ppm）	2.92	8.51±1.68	10.04±1.65↑	0.005
α-葡萄糖/β-葡萄糖（3.68~3.79 ppm）	2.14	7.76±1.16	8.74±1.44↑	0.008
组氨酸（3.25 ppm）	1.37	2.32±0.57	2.73±0.57↑	0.017
胆碱（3.20 ppm）	2.60	5.54±1.59	4.23±1.57↓	0.015
N-乙酰糖蛋白（2.03 ppm）	1.07	3.75±1.06	4.19±1.13↑	0.053
脂质（1.28 ppm）	2.95	23.69±7.44	20.76±5.30↓	0.086
乳酸（4.11 ppm）	1.16	1.85±0.55	1.54±0.38↓	0.004
乳酸（1.33 ppm）	2.33	6.76±2.12	5.54±1.22↓	0.017
甘油（3.65 ppm）	1.78	2.01±0.79	2.67±0.90↑	0.020
注：↑表示与习惯性饮食相比，在广西长寿饮食干预后代谢物相对丰度显著升高（P<0.05）；↓表示与习惯性饮食相比，在广西长寿饮食干预后代谢物相对丰度有所降低（P<0.05）。

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表 3 粪便SCFAs的统计分析结果

Table 3. Statistical analysis results of the main SCFAs in feces

SCFAs	相对含量（mmol/L）			P值
SCFAs	Day 0	Day 15	Day 29	Day 15 vs. Day 0	Day 15 vs. Day 29
乙酸	30.03±5.49	30.40±6.65	37.64±4.90↑	0.826	0.005
丙酸	12.18±4.39	12.34±7.25	13.58±3.88	0.730	0.221
异丁酸	1.22±0.60	1.32±0.43	1.78±0.96	0.347	0.445
丁酸	15.63±6.62	15.43±5.13	24.51±7.02↑	0.683	0.004
异戊酸	1.17±0.68	1.15±0.56	1.54±1.26	0.701	0.552
戊酸	0.98±0.46	1.05±0.57	1.55±1.08	0.382	0.101
注：↑表示与Day15（广西长寿饮食干预前）相比，Day29（广西长寿饮食干预后）SCFAs相对含量显著上升（P<0.05）。

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