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中国精品科技期刊2020

不同摇青程度春闺闽北乌龙茶品质差异分析

占鑫怡 杨云 陈彬 黄慧清 赵梦莹 李鑫磊 孙云

占鑫怡,杨云,陈彬,等. 不同摇青程度春闺闽北乌龙茶品质差异分析[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(11):271−279. doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060276
引用本文: 占鑫怡,杨云,陈彬,等. 不同摇青程度春闺闽北乌龙茶品质差异分析[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(11):271−279. doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060276
ZHAN Xinyi, YANG Yun, CHEN Bin, et al. Difference Analysis of Major Quality Components in Different Turning over Intensities of Chungui Oolong Tea in Northern Fujian[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(11): 271−279. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060276
Citation: ZHAN Xinyi, YANG Yun, CHEN Bin, et al. Difference Analysis of Major Quality Components in Different Turning over Intensities of Chungui Oolong Tea in Northern Fujian[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(11): 271−279. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060276

不同摇青程度春闺闽北乌龙茶品质差异分析

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060276
基金项目: 国家现代农业(茶叶)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-19);福建农林大学茶产业链科技创新与服务体系建设项目(K1520005A06);福建张天福茶叶发展基金会科技创新基金(FJZTF01)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    占鑫怡(1994−)(ORCID:0000−0002−0613−964X),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质,E-mail:zhanxinyi1210@126.com

    通讯作者:

    李鑫磊(1992−)(ORCID:0000−0001−7793−5654),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:茶树品种选育、茶树资源与利用等,E-mail:lxlfafu@163.com

    孙云(1964−)(ORCID: 0000−0002−3074−3468),女,博士,教授,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质研究,E-mail:sunyun1125@126.com

  • 中图分类号: TS272

Difference Analysis of Major Quality Components in Different Turning over Intensities of Chungui Oolong Tea in Northern Fujian

  • 摘要: 为探讨春闺品种加工闽北乌龙茶的工艺特点,本文采用感官审评、生化分析、超高效液相色谱三重四级杆串联质谱(UPLC-QqQ-MS)及顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS),研究不同摇青程度春闺闽北乌龙茶在感官品质、理化品质、儿茶素组分、氨基酸组分、挥发性物质等方面的差异。结果表明:轻摇处理外形紧结,花香显,滋味鲜爽,感官品质总分90.6;重摇处理外形稍松,花香显,滋味浓醇,感官总分88.0。轻摇春闺各儿茶素组分均显著高于重摇(P<0.05),氨基酸含量总体高于重摇处理,氨基酸组分含量中谷氨酰胺及精氨酸存在极显著差异(P<0.01),重摇处理后茶氨酸与谷氨酸含量降低较多。随着摇青程度的增加,橙花叔醇、香叶醇、己酸叶醇酯、苯甲醇、己酸己酯含量显著增加(P<0.05),吲哚、α-法呢烯、茉莉内酯、苯乙醇、二氢猕猴桃内酯及脱氢芳樟醇含量显著减少(P<0.05)。综上,春闺茶轻摇青处理,茶汤滋味鲜爽,收敛性强,香气高扬且花果香显,茶多酚、儿茶素及氨基酸含量高;重摇青处理,滋味浓醇回甘好,香气层次丰富花香显,黄酮含量高,儿茶素与氨基酸含量明显下降。这可为闽北地区春闺乌龙茶加工定向品质调控提供理论依据。
  • 图  1  春闺加工过程中的表观叶态成像

    Figure  1.  The apparent imaging of primary manufacturing process of Chungui

    注:1T:第一次摇青;2T:第二次摇青;3T:第三次摇青;4T:第四次摇青;5T:第五次摇青。

    图  2  不同摇青程度对春闺毛茶呈味氨基酸含量的影响

    Figure  2.  Effects of different turning over intensity on flavor amino acid of Chungui tea

    注:*表示两个样本之间差异显著(P<0.05),**表示两个样本之间差异极显著(P<0.01),图4同。

    图  3  不同摇青程度春闺茶挥发性物质总离子图

    Figure  3.  Total ion chromatogram of volatile substances in Chungui tea at different turning over intensity

    注:A:QM;B:ZM。

    图  4  不同摇青程度对春闺茶挥发性物质分类的影响

    Figure  4.  Effects of different turning over intensity on the classification of volatile substances in Chungui tea

    图  5  不同摇青程度春闺茶挥发性物质PCA得分图

    Figure  5.  PCA score of volatile components in Chungui tea at different turning over intensity

    图  6  不同摇青程度春闺茶挥发性物质分析载荷图

    Figure  6.  Loading plots of volatile components in Chungui tea at different turning over intensity

    表  1  不同摇青程度春闺毛茶感官审评结果

    Table  1.   Sensory evaluation of Chungui tea in different turning over intensity

    名称外形(20%)汤色(5%)香气(30%)滋味(35%)叶底(10%)综合评分
    评语分数评语分数评语分数评语分数评语分数
    QM匀整紧结、青褐乌润、红点多95橙黄明亮95花果香显91鲜爽收敛性强88匀整明亮带红边8790.6
    ZM壮结稍松、青褐乌润90深橙黄明亮95花香显90浓醇回甘显88软嫩明亮红边多8588.0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同摇青程度春闺毛茶非挥发物含量

    Table  2.   Non-volatile components of Chungui tea in different turning over intensity

    成分QMZM
    含水率(%)5.88±0.00A4.69±0.02B
    水浸出物(%)36.36±1.0432.31±3.17
    茶多酚(%)14.36±0.01a13.71±0.10b
    氨基酸(%)2.64±0.01A2.19±0.02B
    咖啡碱(%)4.12±0.084.03±0.16
    黄酮(mg/g)11.02±0.5512.37±0.42
    茶红素(%)0.87±0.03B1.23±0.02A
    茶黄素(%)0.05±0.00B0.06±0.00A
    茶褐素(%)2.14±0.05a1.89±0.01b
    酚氨比5.45±0.02B6.28±0.02A
    注:同行不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05),同行不同大写字母代表差异极显著(P<0.01),表3~表4同。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同摇青程度春闺毛茶儿茶素组分及咖啡碱含量

    Table  3.   Catechin components and caffeine content of Chungui tea in different turning over intensity

    类型组分QM(mg/g)ZM(mg/g)
    酯型儿茶素EGCG58.59±6.4A38.28±1.12B
    ECG16.83±1.97A10.92±0.3B
    EGCG3"ME3.35±0.45A2.07±0.04B
    总计78.77±8.82A51.27±1.46B
    非酯型儿茶素EC5.67±0.38a3.26±1.06b
    C0.51±0.04a0.38±0.00b
    GC0.97±0.14a0.87±0.00b
    EGC33.39±3.87a24.54±0.51b
    总计40.54±4.43a29.05±1.57b
    咖啡碱46.06±0.0941.25±0.35
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同摇青程度春闺毛茶氨基酸组分含量

    Table  4.   Amino acid components of Chungui tea in different turning over intensity

    类型组分QM(mg/g)ZM(mg/g)
    苦味类异亮氨酸0.20±0.050.16±0.05
    色氨酸0.44±0.110.40±0.08
    组氨酸0.19±0.01a0.14±0.03b
    苯丙氨酸0.76±0.200.62±0.15
    丙氨酸0.05±0.01a0.05±0.03b
    亮氨酸0.23±0.050.19±0.04
    缬氨酸0.20±0.050.18±0.04
    γ-氨基丁酸0.24±0.020.20±0.03
    鲜味类甘氨酸0.11±0.060.17±0.05
    茶氨酸3.11±0.292.57±0.23
    谷氨酸1.98±0.11a1.42±0.27b
    天冬酰胺0.42±0.070.29±0.06
    天冬氨酸1.39±0.151.25±0.47
    甜味类丝氨酸0.82±0.06a0.56±0.24b
    脯氨酸0.24±0.030.18±0.03
    苏氨酸0.02±0.000.01±0.00
    谷氨酰胺0.02±0.00A0.01±0.00B
    芳香类赖氨酸0.23±0.020.18±0.06
    精氨酸0.26±0.00A0.15±0.03B
    酪氨酸0.55±0.080.50±0.08
    总计12.44±1.119.85±1.49
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  不同摇青程度春闺毛茶主要差异挥发性物质

    Table  5.   Main differential volatile components of Chungui tea at different turning over intensity

    类型挥发性物质香气特征[3236]相对含量(%)
    QMZM
    酸类化合物己酸干酪气味ND5.84
    正戊酸不愉快气味ND0.80
    香叶酸油脂青香ND0.65
    庚酸发酵香、果香ND0.56
    壬酸油脂香、椰子香0.450.98
    醇类化合物橙花叔醇花香、木质香10.8811.61
    香叶醇玫瑰香4.955.53
    苯乙醇蔷薇类柔和花香4.294.17
    脱氢芳樟醇花香、青草香、木香3.012.97
    苯甲醇似苹果香气1.231.35
    顺式芳樟醇氧化物甜香、花香、奶油香0.961.06
    反式吡喃芳樟
    醇氧化物
    木香0.971.02
    糠醇油脂香0.260.30
    3-异丙基-4-甲基-1-
    戊炔-3-醇
    0.290.34
    正戊醇杂醇油气味0.440.47
    己醇清香、果香0.120.19
    橙花醇青甜玫瑰香0.110.17
    反式芳樟醇氧化物
    (呋喃类)
    木香1.161.09
    4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-醇0.700.52
    2,6-二甲基-3,7-辛二烯-26-二醇2.131.95
    芳樟醇玫瑰花香、柠檬香0.660.52
    酯类化合物己酸叶醇酯清新果香3.243.63
    茉莉内酯花香6.404.62
    己酸己酯水果香0.470.98
    苯甲酸己酯花香0.230.61
    邻苯二甲酸二(1-己烯-5-基)酯ND0.86
    二氢猕猴桃内酯香豆素气味1.631.00
    正戊酸叶醇酯ND0.36
    苯甲酸顺-3-乙烯酯0.781.01
    己酸-反-2-己烯酯0.400.67
    2-甲基丁酸-顺-3-己烯酯0.240.45
    丁酸苯乙酯水果香,似玫瑰芳香0.180.35
    丙位壬内酯似椰子香0.310.41
    异戊酸己酯有水果香味0.030.12
    2-苯基乙基丙酸酯0.050.14
    顺-3-己烯基丁酯果香、青香、奶油香0.160.22
    醛类化合物正己醛青草香、叶香0.360.40
    苯乙醛甜香0.200.24
    (E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛甜香,柑橘香0.330.18
    苯甲醛苦杏味、焦糖香0.220.29
    烷烃类化合物十四烷0.750.57
    广藿香烷木香、樟脑香0.390.17
    1-(苯基)-2-硝基乙烷0.300.47
    6-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷0.760.77
    酮类化合物反式-β−紫罗兰酮茉莉类甜醇花香0.810.60
    6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮柑橘,柠檬草1.280.91
    4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮似蜂蜜香0.310.41
    4-[2,2,6-三甲基-7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚-1-基]-3-丁烯-2-酮0.960.67
    2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(H)-吡喃-4-酮0.320.21
    香叶基丙酮玫瑰香、叶香、醛香、果香1.971.40
    3,5-二氢-3H-吡咯-2-酮0.340.34
    烯烃类化合物α-法呢烯花果香5.363.75
    含氮杂氧化合物吲哚花香11.988.12
    咖啡碱6.745.10
    苄基腈0.370.73
    6-甲基-3,6-二氢-2H-吡喃0.390.44
    注:“ND”表示该成分未检出。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-06-28
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-05-06
  • 刊出日期:  2023-06-01

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