Abstract: Jiangshui from different regions of northwestern China was obtained with multiple points sampling method and was used as the experimental material. The improved pyrogallic acid and spread-plate method were applied for separating and purifying of facultative anaerobic microorganism with getting 17 strains. The morphologic observation and the research of gram staining and biochemical characteristic, together with identification of 16 S rDNA were used to analyze the purified strains. The major finding was that there were different sorts of facultative anaerobesin the Jiangshui, and most of them belong to Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium or the other probiotics. And there also existed part of sundry bacteria and harmful bacteria. In addition, it was found that there was a significant difference of the kinds of the facultative anaerobic microorganism in Jiangshui produced in different places.