Abstract: With the development of new equipments and new technologies,the extraction and application of capsaicin has also made great progress. Capsaicin is the main stimulating chemical substance in pepper,and it is also the most important bioactive component in pepper. Among the many research progresses at home and abroad,capsaicin has broad application prospects in food,medicine and agriculture. The physicochemical properties of capsaicin and its preparation techniques were discussed in this paper,and the latest application of capsaicin was discussed. At the same time,the feasibility of the fingerprint mapping technique based on capsaicin in the quality control and identification of capsaicin was analyzed to provide a new method for the evaluation of capsaicin and provide theoretical support for the development of pepper research.