Abstract: Recently,many natural antimicrobial substances from different sources have been successfully developed. The environments of regular food processing and storage significantly impact their antibacterial effect,which prevent their application in food industry. The commonly encapsulation techniques still have many shortcomings with encapsulate antimicrobial substances. Thus,developing a new strategy to effectively encapsulate antimicrobial substances has become a hot scientific research. Electrospinning technology is a novel and simple technique to encapsulate bioactive compounds. It could obviously enhance the encapsulation efficiency,stability,and bioavailability of bioactive compounds,as well as overcome barrier performance compared to conventional capsulation techniques. This paper mainly summarized the principle of electrospinning technology and the influence of spinning parameters on electrospinning nanofiber. And the encapsulation and application of antimicrobial substances with polysaccharides and proteins as the substrates via electrospinning technique was also reviewed,which provided a foundation for its good application in food industry.