Abstract: Pine nuts of Pinus koraiensis was the health food rich in nutrients,showing various biological activities such as lowering blood pressure,regulating blood fat and protecting liver,etc. As the by-product of picking pine nuts,pinecones were often burned or discarded,resulting in environmental pollution and waste of resources. Recent studies suggested polysaccharides,terpenoids,polyphenols contained in pinecones were some components with superior antitumor activity but there were many defects,such as poor effect,low stability and low bioavailability. In order to provide theoretical reference to the resource utilization of pinecones,research progress of existing problems and countermeasures of anticancer components from pinecones of Pinus koraiensis were summarized in this paper.