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中国精品科技期刊2020
黄娟,黄燕燕,彭小霞. 响应面法优化工业化独立发酵凝固型发酵乳的发酵工艺[J]. 食品工业科技,2022,43(15):148−156. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021120031.
引用本文: 黄娟,黄燕燕,彭小霞. 响应面法优化工业化独立发酵凝固型发酵乳的发酵工艺[J]. 食品工业科技,2022,43(15):148−156. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021120031.
HUANG Juan, HUANG Yanyan, PENG Xiaoxia. Optimization of the Fermentation Process of Industrialized Independent Fermentation Coagulated Fermented Milk by Response Surface Methodology[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(15): 148−156. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021120031.
Citation: HUANG Juan, HUANG Yanyan, PENG Xiaoxia. Optimization of the Fermentation Process of Industrialized Independent Fermentation Coagulated Fermented Milk by Response Surface Methodology[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(15): 148−156. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021120031.

响应面法优化工业化独立发酵凝固型发酵乳的发酵工艺

Optimization of the Fermentation Process of Industrialized Independent Fermentation Coagulated Fermented Milk by Response Surface Methodology

  • 摘要: 工业化独立发酵凝固型发酵乳受发酵温度波动、发酵时长及发酵后剪切破坏等因素的影响,易出现成品乳清析出量过多和凝固状态不佳等现象,本研究通过单因素实验初步探究了发酵温度波动、发酵温度、发酵时长、发酵菌种配比及模拟工业化灌装后破坏对产品质构和风味的影响,在单因素实验的基础上,设计响应面法Box-Behnken组合试验,对发酵温度、发酵时长、发酵菌种配比工艺参数进行了优化。单因素实验结果显示:灌装后发酵2 h内剪切破坏影响不大,但超出时间后将严重影响产品质构和酸化速度,灌装后发酵温度波动将显著影响产品的酸化速度和不良率,这提示工业化发酵过程中应当尽量缩短灌装后段液态乳在常温环境中的暂存时间,由于机器故障导致的灌装延迟超过2 h的液态乳应直接发酵为成品再进行二次利用,不适宜再经管道剪切后进行灌装。响应面模型最优解的结果表明,在实际发酵温度42 ℃,发酵时长5.6 h,菌种配比1:1最佳工艺条件条件下制备的工业化独立发酵凝固型发酵乳的质构完好率为100%,终止发酵的酸度为68.56°T,冷库后放置12 h的酸度为70.2°T,发酵乳的综合感官评分为8.24分,与预测值接近,证明模型有效。流变学特性曲线结果显示该发酵乳的抗剪切能力较弱,200 s−1高剪切后的酸奶黏度恢复率仅为25.55%,符合脆软嫩滑形式的凝固型发酵乳的感官特点。响应面法可有效拟合该凝固型发酵乳的发酵温度、发酵时长、发酵菌种配比之间的关系,为工业化生产中不可避免的菌种配比称量误差、发酵温度堆热传热波动、人为取样时机导致的发酵时长误差等情况给予了一定的理论指导,方便在实际操作中,快速提出相应的对策。

     

    Abstract: Industrialized independent fermentation coagulated fermented milk is prone to the phenomenon of excessive whey precipitation and poor coagulation state of the finished product affected by factors such as fermentation temperature fluctuation, fermentation time and shear damage after fermentation. The effects of fermentation temperature fluctuation, fermentation temperature, fermentation time, fermentation strain ratio, and simulated industrial filling damage on product texture and flavor were studied. On the basis of single-factor experiments, a response surface methodology Box-Behnken combination experiment was designed. The process parameters of fermentation temperature, fermentation time and fermentation strain ratio were optimized. The single-factor experiment results showed that the shear damage had little effect within 2 hours of fermentation after filling, but it could seriously affect the product texture and acidification speed when the time exceeded, suggesting that in the industrial fermentation process, the temporary storage time of the liquid milk in the room temperature environment should be shortened as much as possible, and the liquid milk waiting for filling delayed over 2 hours due to machine failure should be directly fermented into finished products for secondary use. It wasn’t suitable for filling after cutting through the pipeline. The results of the optimal solution of the response surface model showed that the texture integrity rate of the industrialized independent fermented coagulated fermented milk prepared under the optimal technological conditions of the actual fermentation temperature of 42 ℃, the fermentation time of 5.6 h, and the bacterial species ratio of 1:1 was 100%, the acidity of terminating fermentation was 68.56°T, and the acidity of 12 h after cold storage was 70.2°T. The comprehensive sensory score of fermented milk was 8.24, which was close to the predicted value, proving the validity of the model. The results of the rheological characteristic curve showed that the fermented milk had weak shear resistance, and the yogurt viscosity recovery rate after 200 s−1 high shear was only 25.55%, which was in line with the sensory characteristics of the coagulated fermented milk in the form of crisp, soft and smooth. The response surface methodology can effectively fit the relationship among the fermentation temperature, fermentation time and fermentation strain ratio of the coagulated fermented milk. It provides certain theoretical guidance for the unavoidable error of strain proportioning and weighing, the fluctuation of fermentation temperature and heat transfer, and the error of fermentation time caused by artificial sampling opportunity in industrial production, which is convenient for putting forward corresponding countermeasures quickly in practical operation.

     

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