Improvement of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Function by a Proanthocyanidin Dietary Fiber Homeostasis System Based on Gut Microbiota Regulation

This study aims to elucidate the effect and synergistic mechanism of the Anthocyanin-Soybean Insoluble Dietary Fiber steady-state system (ACN-SIDF) in ameliorating high-sugar and high-fat diet-induced glycolipid metabolism disorders by modulating the gut microbiota. The intervention effect of ACN-SIDF on mice with diet-induced metabolic disorders was systematically evaluated through physiological and biochemical index analysis, histopathological observation, and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that ACN-SIDF intervention significantly inhibited body weight gain, reduced liver and epididymal fat accumulation, and improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Concurrently, it decreased serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (P<0.05). Regarding intestinal function, ACN-SIDF significantly improved the weight, length, and tissue morphology of the colon and cecum, increased fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and reduced lipopolysaccharide levels (P<0.05). More importantly, ACN-SIDF intervention significantly modulated the structure of the gut microbiota, restored microbial diversity, increased the abundance of probiotics, and suppressed the expansion of potential pathogenic bacteria, demonstrating a strong regulatory capacity on intestinal microecology. In summary, ACN-SIDF, by regulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites, effectively intervenes in glycolipid metabolism disorders while promoting intestinal health, showcasing its broad application potential as a functional dietary supplement in preventing metabolic syndrome.