Abstract: In order to investigate chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil obtained from fresh leaves of a novel plant of Cinnamomum camphora Chvar.Borneol in vitro, steam distillation was used to extract the essential oil, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) was utilized to analyze compounds and their relative contents, and K-B disc agar diffusion or micro-broth dilution technique was taken to evaluate the antimicrobial activities by measuring the size of antibacterial zone and determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) respectively.GC-MS analysis results showed that in determination of 27 compounds composed 98.14% of the oil, D-Borneol (81.58%) , camphor (2.96%) and α-pinene (2.03%) were determined as major components.The essential oil and D-Borneol exhibited antimicrobial effect and the diameters of zones of inhibition (9.21±0.6) ^22.12±1.30mm and (7.32±0.5) ^20.42±1.40mm respectively, along with their MIC values was 31.25~125μg/mL and 62.50~125μg/mL respectively against three common microorganisms selected including bacteria, yeasts and moulds.Our results indicated that this plant of Cinnamomum camphora chvar.Borneol could be as an abundant raw material source to get rich essential oil and D-borneol, which had a promising prospect for developing medical products or other uses.