Abstract: To study the effect of camphor tree seeds oil on serum lipids and arteriosclerosis in rats, and compare the effect with other long-chain oils.60 male SD rats were divided randomly into 6 groups:4% camphor tree seeds oil and 8% soybean oil group (A-1) , 8% camphor tree seeds oil and 4% soybean oil group (A-2) , 12% camphor tree seeds oil group (B) , 12% soybean oil group (C) , 12% lard group (D) and blank control group (E) .TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, SOD, AST, ALT in serum of rats were measured after 7w.Results:The contents of TC, TG of group A-1、group A-2 were significantly lower than group C and group D (p<0.01) , and the indices of AAI and AI of group A-1、group A-2 were obviously different from group D (p<0.01 or p<0.05) .The contents of TC, TG of group B were significantly lower than group D (p<0.01) , the indices of AAI and AI of group B were obviously different from group D (p<0.05) , especially the content of HDL-C of group B was higher than blank control group (p<0.05) .The group A-1、group A-2、group B and group E had no significant differences on AST, ALT indices (p>0.05) .The above results suggested that camphor tree seeds oil had significant effects on controlling hyperlipidemia and in rats, and was better than soybean oil, more well than lard, especially the mixed oil of camphor tree seeds oil and soybean oil.