Abstract: The aroma components of‘Chinese Kushui rose petal'were analysed by headspace solid phase micro extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry( HS- SPME- GC / MS),and cultivated soil samples were analysed by Ion chromatography,and the correlation was discussed about aroma compounds in the petal and components of cultivated soil. The results showed that 59 compounds were primarily identified in sample petals.Citronellol,geraniol,benzaldehyde,citronellal were common components( OAV≥1) in the samples,α- pinene was components( OAV ≥ 1) in Shangxingou and Datong samples,nerol was components( OAV ≥ 1) in Datong and Hongchen samples,octanoic acid ethyl ester was components( OAV≥1) in Datong samples,and citronella acetate was components( OAV ≥ 1) in Hongchen samples. 9 components of cultivated soil were quantified,Mg²⁺,total nitrogen and available potassium content were the highest in Shangxingou samples,Ca²⁺ content was the highest in Datong samples,Na⁺,Cl^-,SO₄^2-,HCO₃^- and phosphorus cont ent were significantly( p < 0.05) higher in Hongchen samples than they were in Shangxingou and Datong samples. Correlation analysis showed that the amount of total rose aroma had positive correlation with content of Cl-,HCO₃^- and phosphorus of cultivated soil,and amount of total rose aroma had negative correlation with content of available potassium.Citronellol and geraniol had positive correlation with content of Mg²⁺,total nitrogen and available potassium,while geraniol and citronellol had negative correlation with content of Mg²⁺,total nitrogen and available potassium,and the correlation of Mg+and Citronellal was significantly.Octanoic acid ethyl ester had positive correlation with content of Ca²⁺,but geraniol and benzaldehyde had negative correlation with content of Ca²⁺. Geraniol and benzaldehyde had positive correlation with content of SO₄^2- and phosphorus,while octanoic acid ethyl ester had negative correlation withcontent of SO₄^2-and phosphorus. Benzaldehyde had positive correlation with content of Na⁺and Cl^-,whileα- pinene had negative correlation with content of Na⁺ and Cl^-.