Abstract: Excessive deposition of fat can cause chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes.Caenorhabditis elegans has the advantages of simple structure, transparent body, convenient observation, short development cycle, easy cultivation and the highly conserved signaling pathway, which make possible research on fat regulation of Caenorhabditis elegans. This paper introduces the advantage of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for studying fat metabolism, reviews the recent studies on the bioactive substances with lipid-lowering function, and summarizes the lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans and application of Caenorhabditis elegans in lipid metabolism, which provide an important basis for the study of lipid-lowering drugs and the study of metabolic disorders such as obesity.