Abstract: Dietary proteins provide the essential amino acids for human body and have a wide range of physiological functions.The cells in vivo can produce reactive oxygen species during dietary protein digestion and metabolism process.The accumulation of reactive oxygen species may lead to oxidation and aging.The antioxidant system including the antioxidant proteins, thioredoxin and glutaredoxin, and other antioxidant enzymes can resist reactive oxygen species and reduce the generetion of harmful substances.The effects of different dietary proteins and the corresponding antioxidant regulation on human health, as well as the regulation of the two antioxidant proteins during reactive oxygen species metabolism combined with other antioxidant indicators were described in this review.The background information is better for us to understand the metabolic differences of different dietary protein and to have a healthy diet.