Abstract: An analysis of the volatile compounds extracted from the four major varieties of punica granatum L. in Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, was made in the article, by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), with an attempt to optimize the analysis conditions and set a solid theoretical base for the study of fruit characteristics and quality control. After an optimal selection of extraction conditions by HS-SPME, 65 μm PDMS/DVB fiber was used, at 60℃ and for 30 min, for the desorbing. Under these conditions, a total of 68 compounds were identified, which belonged to several classes of chemicals mainly including 28 hydrocarbons, 13 esters, and 13 alcohols. Among them were the major aroma compounds as D-limonene, trans-. alpha. -Bergamotene, Caryophyllene, Oxalic acid, cyclohexylmethyl tridecyl ester, beta.-pinene, E-2-Tetradecen-1-ol. Through two-way cluster analysis, the four punica granatum L. cultivars were divided into three categories in the remaining 65% information, and the volatile constituents into four categories in the remaining 10% information. The results showed that the four varieties of punica granatum L. had both common characteristics and their uniqueness and difference in volatile components.