Abstract: Objective:To explore the effect of Amygdalus mongolica oil on blood lipid and function of liver in hyperlipidemic rats.Methods:80 female wistar rate were randomly assigned into eight groups of 10 rats each:the normal control group, Amygdalus mongolica oil control group, hyperlipidemia group, Amygdalus mongolica oil group (A, B, C, D), olive oil control group.Fed with basic diet and high-fat diet respectively.Five weeks to establish model of the hyperlipidemic rats, Amygdalus mongolica oil control group (Amygdalus mongolica oil at the dosages of 10 mL/kg per kilograms of body weight gavage), Amygdalus mongolica oil group (A:10, B:7.5, C:5.0, D:2.5 mL/kg), olive oil control group (olive oil, 10 mL/kg), the control and model group were orally given saline.Administered five weeks, the liver of the rats were dissected for evaluating the liver index.The serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were determined MDA, SOD and GSH were detected in the liver homogenate, as well as the histopathological changes of the liver were observed. Results:The Amygdalus mongolica oil of 10 mL/kg and 7.5 mL/kg significantly reduced serum TC, LDL-C levels (p < 0.05). The oils also significantly reduced the content of MDA content (p < 0.05).10 mL/kg and 2.5 mL/kg markedly increased SOD and GSH activities in liver (p < 0.05). Conclusion:The oil of Amygdalus mongolica had an important role in modulating hyperlipidemia, improving antioxidant effect on the liver and preventing liver damage.The optimum dose was in the range of 2.5 mL/kg and 10 mL/kg.