Abstract: Edible fungi is a kind of large-scale fungus,which has the characteristics of fast growth and high bioconversion rate. It can efficiently and quickly convert inorganic substances into functional organic food resources. The edible fungi is rich in selenium,sputum and high amino acid and has become more popular in the world,but the study finds that when the edible fungus is rapidly transforming biomass,it also enriches heavy metals,toxins and other substances harmful to the human body. The paper reviews the basic principles of absorption and enrichment of heavy metals by edible fungi,the main factors affecting the enrichment of heavy metals in edible fungi,and the main measures to control and reduce the enrichment of heavy metals by edible fungi,which has theoretical guiding significance for further understanding the transformation process of edible fungi into biomass and the principle of enriching harmful heavy metals,and it also has practical value for producing functional edible fungi and providing healthy food for human beings.