Effects of Seasonal Variation on Nutrient Composition of Hybrid Sturgeon (Huso dauricus ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂)
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摘要: 采集春、夏、秋、冬四个季节的杂交鲟鱼(Huso dauricus ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂) 样品,分析比较肌肉基本营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成、矿物元素组成的差异。结果表明:鲟鱼肉脂肪含量季节变化特点明显,以秋季鲟鱼肉脂肪含量为最高(P < 0.05),而后依次为冬季、春季、夏季的鲟鱼肉;蛋白质含量以冬季鲟鱼肉最高,春季、夏季、秋季鲟鱼肉依次下降;春季鲟鱼肉必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸及总氨基酸含量最高,但秋季鲟鱼肉必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例最高,冬季鲟鱼肉鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例最高;夏季、秋季鲟鱼肉多不饱和脂肪酸及二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量显著高于冬季、春季(P < 0.05),脂肪酸不饱和度受季节影响差异并不显著(P > 0.05);矿物元素含量在春、夏两季鲟鱼肉中较高。季节对鲟鱼肉的营养组成影响明显,分析不同季节杂交鲟鱼肉的营养组成,可为后续开发加工提供理论依据,在加工中可根据需要选择适宜季节的养殖鲟鱼。Abstract: In order to verify the nutritional characteristics of hybrid sturgeon(Huso dauricus♀× Acipenser schrenckii♂)and contribute to the subsequent development and processing, samples of hybrid sturgeon from spring, summer, autumn and winter were collected to analyze and compare the differences of muscle basic nutrient composition, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral element. The results showed that the nutrient composition of cultured sturgeon had significantly difference in seasons. The fat content was higher in autumn and followed by winter, spring and summer (P < 0.05), while the protein content was higher in winter and then decreased with seasons. Content of water and trace elements had negative correlation with fat content. The contents of essential amino acids (EAA), delicious amino acids(DAA) and total amino acids(TAA) were higher in spring, while the EAA/TAA was higher in autumn and DAA/TAA was higher in winter. Content of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA), Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) had more advantage in summer and autumn than that of winter and spring(P < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed on ration of unsaturated fatty acids in different seasons(P > 0.05). Content of mineral elements were usually higher in spring and summer. The results showed that the nutritional composition of sturgeon were effected by seasonal variation significantly. It could become the theory foundation of sturgeon processing. The suitable sturgeon could be selected for different processing according to the results.
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Key words:
- hybrid sturgeon /
- nutrient composition /
- season
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表 1 杂交鲟不同季节基本营养成分(g/100 g 湿样)
Table 1. Basic nutrients of sturgeon muscle in different seasons (g/100 g wet weight)
季节 水分 脂肪 蛋白质 灰分 春季 75.36 ± 0.60c 1.66 ± 0.22a 21.05 ± 0.12b 1.28 ± 0.04ab 夏季 75.55 ± 0.01c 4.98 ± 0.32b 19.90 ± 0.65ab 1.40 ± 0.06b 秋季 67.53 ± 1.74a 10.61 ± 0.74d 18.85 ± 0.74a 1.08 ± 0.07a 冬季 71.96 ± 0.42b 7.78 ± 0.47c 21.36 ± 0.89b 1.22 ± 0.09ab 注:同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05);表5同。 表 2 杂交鲟不同季节氨基酸含量(g/100 g 湿样)
Table 2. The amino acids contents of sturgeon muscle in different seasons (g/100 g wet weight)
氨基酸 春季 夏季 秋季 冬季 苏氨酸(Thr)Δ 0.98 ± 0.07c 0.85 ± 0.05b 0.70 ± 0.04a 0.84 ± 0.05b 缬氨酸(Val)Δ 1.11 ± 0.09c 0.95 ± 0.06b 0.79 ± 0.04a 0.93 ± 0.07b 蛋氨酸(Met)Δ 0.70 ± 0.04b 0.51 ± 0.02a 0.48 ± 0.00a 0.57 ± 0.01ab 异亮氨酸(Ile)Δ 1.04 ± 0.08c 0.88 ± 0.06b 0.74 ± 0.09a 0.86 ± 0.04b 亮氨酸(Leu)Δ 1.82 ± 0.11c 1.56 ± 0.09b 1.28 ± 0.08a 1.50 ± 0.10b 苯丙氨酸(Phe)Δ 1.12 ± 0.07b 0.95 ± 0.08a 0.92 ± 0.06a 1.00 ± 0.06ab 赖氨酸(Lys)Δ 2.15 ± 0.13c 1.84 ± 0.09b 1.52 ± 0.07a 1.76 ± 0.11b 酪氨酸(Tyr)Δ 0.78 ± 0.06c 0.69 ± 0.03b 0.55 ± 0.02a 0.66 ± 0.02b 必需氨基酸(EAA) 9.70 8.23 6.98 8.12 天冬氨酸(Asp)* 2.17 ± 0.12c 1.88 ± 0.11b 1.54 ± 0.09a 1.85 ± 0.11b 谷氨酸(Glu)* 3.41 ± 0.05c 2.88 ± 0.14b 2.34 ± 0.10a 2.89 ± 0.12b 甘氨酸(Gly)* 0.98 ± 0.06b 0.89 ± 0.07b 0.69 ± 0.04a 1.20 ± 0.08c 丙氨酸(Ala)* 1.29 ± 0.09c 1.09 ± 0.07b 0.87 ± 0.03a 1.16 ± 0.08b 鲜味氨基酸(DAA) 7.85 6.74 5.44 7.10 丝氨酸(Ser) 0.92 ± 0.07c 0.81 ± 0.05b 0.64 ± 0.04a 0.83 ± 0.08b 脯氨酸(Pro) 0.67 ± 0.04b 0.62 ± 0.02b 0.44 ± 0.00a 0.72 ± 0.04b 组氨酸(His) 0.67 ± 0.02b 0.66 ± 0.04b 0.52 ± 0.02a 0.54 ± 0.02a 精氨酸(Arg) 1.35 ± 0.06c 1.20 ± 0.06b 0.95 ± 0.07a 1.23 ± 0.09b 氨基酸总量(TAA) 21.20 18.30 15.00 18.50 DAA/TAA 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.38 EAA/TAA 0.46 0.45 0.47 0.44 注:Δ为必需氨基酸;*为鲜味氨基酸;同行不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05) 表 3 杂交鲟不同季节AAS和CS评分(mg/g N)
Table 3. AAS and CS of sturgeon in different seasons(mg/g N)
指标 季节 Thr Val Met + Cys Ile Leu Phe + Tyr Lys AAS 春季 1.16 1.06 0.94 1.23 1.23 1.48 1.88 夏季 1.07 0.96 0.73 1.11 1.11 1.36 1.70 秋季 0.93 0.84 0.72 0.98 0.96 1.28 1.48 冬季 0.98 0.88 0.76 1.01 1.00 1.28 1.51 CS 春季 1.00 0.80 0.54 0.93 1.01 1.00 1.45 夏季 0.92 0.73 0.42 0.84 0.92 0.91 1.31 秋季 0.79 0.64 0.41 0.74 0.79 0.86 1.14 冬季 0.84 0.66 0.43 0.76 0.82 0.86 1.17 表 4 杂交鲟不同季节脂肪酸含量(mg/g 湿样)
Table 4. The fatty acids contents of sturgeon muscle in different seasons (mg/g wet weight)
脂肪酸种类 春季 夏季 秋季 冬季 C14:0 0.20 ± 0.04a 0.45 ± 0.06b 0.65 ± 0.00c 0.42 ± 0.09b C15:0 0.05 ± 0.01a 0.06 ± 0.01a 0.12 ± 0.01b 0.07 ± 0.02a C16:0 2.67 ± 0.21a 5.66 ± 0.48c 4.05 ± 0.06b 4.24 ± 0.55b C17:0 0.04 ± 0.00a 0.07 ± 0.00bc 0.08 ± 0.01c 0.05 ± 0.01ab C18:0 0.86 ± 0.01a 1.63 ± 0.01b 1.17 ± 0.21a 1.03 ± 0.17a 饱和脂肪酸(SFA) 3.81 ± 0.13a 7.87 ± 0.55c 6.06 ± 0.28b 5.81 ± 0.85b C16:1 0.56 ± 0.04a 1.03 ± 0.16b 1.43 ± 0.01c 1.01 ± 0.21b C17:1 0.07 ± 0.01a − 0.07 ± 0.01a 0.05 ± 0.01a C18:1 3.52 ± 0.10a 8.09 ± 1.44b 6.65 ± 0.22b 7.14 ± 1.69b C20:1 0.18 ± 0.01a 0.33 ± 0.06ab 0.46 ± 0.01b 0.18 ± 0.15a C22:1 0.01 ± 0.01a − 0.09 ± 0.00a 0.02 ± 0.02a 单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA) 4.34 ± 0.16a 9.45 ± 1.68b 8.69 ± 0.25b 8.39 ± 1.73b C18:3 0.19 ± 0.02a 0.29 ± 0.00ab 0.61 ± 0.02c 0.37 ± 0.10b C18:2 1.57 ± 0.15a 3.82 ± 0.63b 3.04 ± 0.18b 3.56 ± 0.81b C18:2 1.57 ± 0.15a 3.82 ± 0.63b 3.04 ± 0.18b 3.56 ± 0.81b C20:4 0.55 ± 0.16a 0.69 ± 0.06a 0.48 ± 0.06a 0.44 ± 0.02a C20:5 1.36 ± 0.08a 1.95 ± 0.05b 2.10 ± 0.06b 1.31 ± 0.17a C20:3 0.17 ± 0.01a 0.15 ± 0.21a 0.30 ± 0.03a 0.22 ± 0.06a C20:2 0.13 ± 0.01a 0.13 ± 0.18a 0.07 ± 0.10a 0.50 ± 0.37a C22:6 2.61 ± 0.30a 4.13 ± 0.08b 3.47 ± 0.38b 2.53 ± 0.08a 多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA) 6.56 ± 0.70a 11.14 ± 0.47b 10.06 ± 0.47b 8.91 ± 1.60ab EPA+DHA 3.97 ± 0.37a 6.07 ± 0.13b 5.57 ± 0.33b 3.84 ± 0.25a 总脂肪酸(FAS) 14.70 ± 0.69a 28.45 ± 2.70b 24.81 ± 1.00b 23.10 ± 4.17b 脂肪酸不饱和度 74.15 ± 0.83a 73.38 ± 0.92a 75.57 ± 0.66a 74.89 ± 0.57a 注:同行不同小写字母表示不同季节差异显著(P < 0.05);“−”表示未检出。 表 5 杂交鲟不同季节矿物元素含量(mg/100g 湿样)
Table 5. The minerals of sturgeon muscle in different seasons (mg/100g wet weight)
季节 Na Mg K Ca Mn Fe Zn 春季 38.18 ± 0.18c 60.29 ± 0.23d 792.99 ± 10.30d 12.72 ± 0.01c 0.02 ± 0.001b 3.99 ± 0.01c 1.27 ± 0.01a 夏季 58.17 ± 2.78d 35.22 ± 4.30c 331.76 ± 2.09c 14.37 ± 0.48d 0.01 ± 0.001a 2.76 ± 0.10c 7.34 ± 0.73b 秋季 26.20 ± 3.79b 19.14 ± 9.82b 260.20 ± 6.09b 7.31 ± 0.40b − 1.01 ± 0.26b 1.88 ± 0.48a 冬季 12.19 ± 4.29a 5.87 ± 1.53a 88.97 ± 1.78a 2.71 ± 0.21a 0.01 ± 0.001a 0.64 ± 0.06a 0.81 ± 0.04a -
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