Research on Sensory Quality of Roasted Beef and Plant-based Meat Analogues Based on SPME-GC-O-MS and Texture Analysis
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摘要: 采用固相微萃取(solid-phase microextraction,SPME)结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用技术(gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry,GC-O-MS)对3种市售植物蛋白肉(样品I、样品B、样品O)、1种自制植物蛋白肉(样品C)和1种市售牛肉中的挥发性组分进行分析,同时结合质构分析和感官评价评估其感官属性。结果表明:自制植物肉(样品C)中肉味相关化合物含量高,肉香气、肉滋味与牛肉接近,整体质量高于3种市售植物肉,但植物肉的外观、质构等感官属性与牛肉相比差距较大。5种肉样中共鉴定出154种挥发性组分,其中通过GC-O鉴定出40种气味活性化合物,牛肉中鉴定出69种化合物,其中46种在植物肉中也被鉴定出;牛肉中与脂肪氧化相关的醛类、醇类等化合物的含量明显高于植物肉,植物肉中与美拉德反应相关的吡嗪、呋喃等杂环化合物的含量显著高于牛肉,且自制植物肉(样品C)中杂环化合物含量要高于3种市售植物肉。牛肉的硬度、弹性、胶粘性、咀嚼性等质构特性能要优于植物肉,并且植物肉样品I、样品O、样品C的质构特性要优于样品B。
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关键词:
- 植物蛋白肉 /
- 挥发性组分 /
- 质构 /
- 气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱(GC-O-MS) /
- 固相微萃取(SPME)
Abstract: The volatile components in 3 commercial plant-based meat analogues(sample I, sample B, sample O), 1 homemade plant-based meat analogues (sample C) and 1 commercial beef were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS), and the sensory properties were evaluated by texture analysis and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the homemade plant-based meat analogues (sample C) had a high content of meat flavor-related compounds, and the meat aroma and meat taste were similar to beef, and the overall quality was higher than that of the three commercially samples. However, there was a large gap between plant-based meat analogues and beef in appearance, texture and other sensory properties. A total of 154 volatile components were identified in 5 meat samples, among which 40 odor active compounds were identified by GC-O, 69 compounds were identified in beef, 46 of which were also identified in plant-based meat analogues. The contents of aldehydes, alcohols and other compounds related to fat oxidation in beef were significantly higher than those in plant-based meat analogues, and the contents of pyrazine, furan and other heterocyclic compounds related to Maillard reaction in plant-based meat analogues were significantly higher than those in beef, and the contents of heterocyclic compounds in homemade plant-based meat analogues were higher than those in 3 kinds of commercial samples. The texture properties of beef in terms of hardness, elasticity, viscosity and masticability were better than those of plant-based meat analogues, and the texture properties of samples I, O and C were better than those of sample B. -
表 1 通过SPME-GC-O-MS对植物蛋白肉和牛肉中的挥发性组分鉴定结果
Table 1. Volatile components identified by SPME-GC-O-MS from the plant-based meat analogues and roasted beef
CAS号 气味特征 理论RI 实际RI 定性方式 风味化合物浓度(ng/g) 样品I 样品B 样品O 样品C 牛肉 醛类 1 96-17-3 2-甲基丁醛 − 907 913 MS,RI 5.2±1.17a 7±1.56a 2.06±0.1b 6.95±0.1a 1.99±0.23b 2 590-86-3 3-甲基丁醛 − 912 917 MS,RI 11.38±2.55b 8.44±0.75c 4.06±0.2d 16.3±1.39a 4±0.18d 3 142-83-6 (E,E)-2, 4-己二烯醛 − 1398 951 MS − − 1.21±0.19 − − 4 110-62-3 戊醛 麦芽、杏仁味 979 978 MS,RI,O 37.97±5.18b 71.71±8.75a 18.49±2.68c 39.44±1.74b 76.63±10.33a 5 123-73-9 (E)-2-丁烯醛 − 1037 1039 MS,RI 51.94±7.11 − − − − 6 66-25-1 己醛 青草味 1080 1081 MS,RI,O 205.12±18.25c 295.03±27.92b 77.51±3.63d 364.05±4.69b 532.53±81.77a 7 1576-87-0 (E)-2-戊烯醛 − 1125 1131 MS,RI 7.22±0.86 − − − − 8 111-71-7 庚醛 脂肪、酸败味 1186 1182 MS,RI,O 36.55±6.25c 230.46±50.14b 33.13±2.23c − 458.6±66.48a 9 6728-26-3 (E)-2-已烯醛 − 1219 1219 MS,RI 36.41±1.57a 49.45±11.73a 17.53±4.28b − − 10 124-13-0 辛醛 清香、脂肪味 1291 1288 MS,RI,O 65.1±8.85c 191.46±9.91b 63.23±8.51c 45.5±5.52c 548.22±32.61a 11 18829-55-5 (E)-2-庚烯醛 肥皂、苦杏仁味 1320 1326 MS,RI,O 89.12±14.58b 136.3±34.05a 33.75±1.61c 12.46±0.37c − 12 124-19-6 壬醛 − 1390 1394 MS,RI 232.16±27.09c 356.31±56.77b 123.48±24.3d 68.44±12.27d 751.37±78.6a 13 2548-87-0 (E)-2-辛烯醛 清香、脂肪味 1434 1433 MS,RI,O 53.75±5.39b 91.22±15.69a 26.53±1.19c 18.9±0.98c 29.29±4.18c 14 112-31-2 癸醛 肥皂、牛油味 1500 1501 MS,RI,O 20.57±2.22c 66.44±0.53b 12.63±2.88c − 81.66±9.59a 15 100-52-7 苯甲醛 苦杏仁味 1529 1534 MS,RI,O 409.42±31.56a 376.59±37.98a 258.95±20.16b 362.24±17.57a 160.76±26.12c 16 18829-56-6 (E)-2-壬烯醛 清香、黄瓜味 1542 1546 MS,RI,O 16.91±3.08b 32.06±7.07b 9.64±0.61b 11.76±1.18b 129.74±25.35a 17 112-44-7 十一醛 − 1609 1609 MS,RI 4.5±0.48b − 3.45±0.79b − 36.25±13.8a 18 3913-81-3 (E)-2-癸烯醛 牛油味 1648 1654 MS,RI,O 132.79±16.06a 76.45±10.68b 73.75±22.04b − − 19 5910-87-2 (E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛 − 1706 1713 MS,RI 9.97±1.68a − 4.15±0.24b − − 20 53448-07-0 (E)-2-十一醛 − 1761 1765 MS,RI 88.43±12.47a − 39.15±0.46b − − 21 2363-88-4 2,4-癸二烯醛 − 1795 1827 MS,RI 41.83±6.96a 22.93±4.9b 13.44±0.67b − − 22 25152-84-5 (E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛 煎炸、脂肪味 1795 1827 MS,RI,O 155.18±26.75a 58.88±9.96b 99.42±37.74ab − − 醛类总含量 1711.54±104.35c 2070.74±72.31b 915.57±71.81d 946.01±12.37d 2811.03±383.41a 醇类 1 15250-22-3 2,7-二甲基-1-辛醇 − − 829 MS − 3.16±0.19 − − − 2 19550-05-1 3,4-二甲基-2-己醇 − − 960 MS − − − − 9.11±0.76 3 41453-56-9 (Z)-2-壬烯-1-醇 甜瓜、柠檬味 − 1053 MS,O − − − 2.62±0.03 − 4 38285-42-6 (E)-2-壬烯-2-醇 − − 1053 MS − 3.78±0.29 − − − 5 2088-07-5 2-甲基-1-戊烯-3-醇 − − 1058 MS − 23.18±1.26 − − − 6 69668-90-2 (Z)-3-壬烯-2-醇 黄瓜味 − 1060 MS,O − 11.34±2.49 − − − 7 78-83-1 2-甲基-1-丙醇 − 1094 1102 MS,RI − − − − 82.17±23.18 8 112-42-5 1-十一醇 柑橘味 − 1127 MS,O − 42.19±2.08b − − 56.8±2.77a 9 137-32-6 2-甲基-1-丁醇 − 1208 1209 MS,RI − − − − 82.36±15.84 10 123-51-3 3-甲基-1-丁醇 − 1211 1211 MS,RI − − − − 360.26±44.47 11 3913-02-8 2-丁基-1-辛醇 − − 1234 MS − 59.27±8.31 − − − 12 112-53-8 1-十二醇 − 1981 1234 MS − − − − 42.86±7.04 13 71-41-0 1-戊醇 − 1255 1261 MS,RI 32.04±1.93b 39.93±1.05a 12.17±1.65c 25.78±5.07b 45.23±5.03a 14 111-27-3 己醇 青草、树脂味 1360 1361 MS,RI,O 106.06±15.55a 23.23±4.43cd 6.73±1.07d 39.29±1.12c 61.73±10.95b 15 111-35-3 3-乙氧基-1-丙醇 − 1359 1379 MS,RI − − − − 6.14±0.15 16 21570-35-4 2-甲基-4-庚醇 − − 1382 MS − − − − 6.08±0.91 17 69668-82-2 3, 5-辛二烯-2-醇 − − 1412 MS − 9.74±0.04 − − − 18 3391-86-4 1-辛烯-3-醇 蘑菇味 1456 1456 MS,RI,O 42.89±3.95d 94.65±14.09b 56.3±3.2cd 71.04±3.32c 124.38±16.06a 19 111-70-6 庚醇 青草味 1462 1463 MS,RI,O 37.23±1.04c 60.78±11.17b 23.43±7.24c − 102.19±12.92a 20 104-76-7 2-乙基己醇 − 1484 1496 MS,RI 78.15±15.92a − 11.87±3.4b1 18.28±3.62b − 21 78-70-6 芳樟醇 − 1552 1558 MS,RI − − − 5.48±0.8 − 22 111-87-5 辛醇 − 1564 1570 MS,RI 50.02±5.48b 31.99±0.91bc 32.58±10.02bc 15.86±0.77c 106.13±14.33a 23 18409-17-1 (E)-2-辛烯-1-醇 − 1622 1622 MS,RI 7.31±0.01a − 3.31±1.02b − − 24 98-55-5 α-松油醇 − 1698 1710 MS,RI − − 2.8±0.24 − − 25 100-51-6 苯甲醇 甜味、花香味 1886 1894 MS,RI,O 10.6±1.31a − 3.09±0.4b 13.84±2.55a − 26 60-12-8 苯乙醇 − 1923 1934 MS,RI 11.91±1.11b − − − 195.86±47a 27 770-35-4 1-苯氧基-2-丙醇 − − 2064 MS − 69.69±14.97 − − − 28 4169-04-4 2-苯氧基-1-丙醇 − − 2109 MS − 13.26±4.76 − − − 醇类总含量 376.20±27.97b 486.20±35.96b 152.28±12.70c 192.18±4.94c 1281.31±195.62a 酮类 1 2550-21-2 3-甲基-2-己酮 − 1095 812 MS − 3.46±0.53 − − − 2 105-42-0 4-甲基-2-己酮 − − 811 MS − − − − 10.82±3.75 3 67-64-1 丙酮 − 814 815 MS,RI 91.63±11.41a 47.99±6.53b 15.75±1.6c 22.1±0.31c − 4 2371-19-9 3-甲基-2-庚酮 − − 899 MS − − − − 15.51±2.84 5 110-12-3 5-甲基-2-己酮 − 1155 826 MS − 3.64±0.45 − − − 6 78-93-3 2-丁酮 − 900 903 MS,RI 33.49±3.6a 29.15±5.87a 4.84±0.26b 6.87±0.35b − 7 123-54-6 乙酰丙酮 − − 1052 MS − − − − 25.2±1.83 8 106-35-4 3-庚酮 − − 1149 MS − − − − 4.3±1.23 9 110-43-0 2-庚酮 肥皂味 1183 1184 MS,RI,O − − − 278.97±0.03 − 10 2550-21-2 3-甲基-2-己酮 − − 1217 MS − 18.3±4.29 − − − 11 589-63-9 4-辛酮 − 1224 1222 MS,RI − − − − 8.38±1.27 12 541-85-5 5-甲基-3-庚酮 − − 1255 MS − 38.54±3.91 − − − 13 111-13-7 2-辛酮 − 1278 1286 MS,RI 3.48±0.17c 55.79±4.23a 3.76±0.57c 50.77±8.8a 18.52±1.54b 14 513-86-0 3-羟基-2-丁酮 黄油味 1287 1293 MS,RI,O − 61.31±11.82 − − − 15 3214-41-3 2, 5-辛二烯酮 − − 1320 MS − − − − 140.11±29.67 16 110-93-0 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 蘑菇、橡胶味 1341 1340 MS,RI,O 49.43±6.39bc 109.19±14.41a 73.13±18.99b 36.31±9.41c − 17 821-55-6 2-壬酮 − 1398 1391 MS,RI 11.72±0.26b 85.24±11.92a 13.39±1.21b − 19.65±2.02b 18 1669-44-9 3-辛烯-2-酮 − − 1411 MS − − − 37.27±3.61 − 19 14309-57-0 3-壬烯-2-酮 − − 1521 MS 5.49±1.14ab 7.51±1.83a − 4.19±0.41b − 20 30086-02-3 (E, E)-3, 5-辛二烯-2-酮 − 1569 1581 MS,RI − 47.77±4.36a 12.22±2.61b 10.79±1.36b − 21 112-12-9 2-十一烷酮 − 1598 1604 MS,RI − 10.06±2.28a 1.83±0.37b − 16.58±4.10a 22 98-86-2 苯乙酮 − 1652 1665 MS,RI − − 7.75±2.31 − − 23 585-25-1 2, 3-辛二酮 − − 1674 MS 11.85±2.42a − 5.03±0.2b − − 24 593-08-8 2-十三酮 − 1816 1820 MS,RI − 42.66±8.79a 3.1±0.78b − 6.95±1.89b 酮类总含量 207.08±16.31d 560.62±18.12a 140.78±22.01e 447.26±21.20b 266.03±32.73c 酸 1 64-19-7 乙酸 − 1452 1457 MS,RI 88.79±7.53a − 9.38±2.56b − − 2 1979-9-4 丙酸 − 1535 1548 MS,RI 375.91±45.23 − − − − 3 142-62-1 己酸 − 1861 1857 MS,RI 39.77±2.64bc 53.85±5.59b 15.48±5.45d 21.43±0.39cd 98.4±19.30a 4 124-07-2 辛酸 − 2072 2072 MS,RI 21.05±0.45a − 13.00±2.87b − − 5 112-05-0 壬酸 − 2169 2164 MS,RI − − − − 73.8±23.46 6 143-07-7 月桂酸 − 2479 2487 MS,RI − − − − 18.91±1.57 酸类总含量 525.52±51.76a 53.85±5.59c 37.86±6.53c 21.43±0.39c 191.12±42.23b 酯类 1 79-20-9 乙酸甲酯 − 825 826 MS,RI − − 1.8±0.34 − − 2 141-78-6 乙酸乙酯 − 898 888 MS,RI − − 4.81±0.39 − − 3 108-05-4 乙酸乙烯酯 − − 976 MS − − − 6.62±0.06 − 4 556-24-1 异戊酸甲酯 − 1018 1019 MS,RI 14.96±5.2b − − 22.98±7.65a − 5 124-25-4 肉豆蔻醛 − 1924 1249 MS − 18.9±1.73 − − − 6 106-32-1 辛酸乙酯 脂肪味 1440 1437 MS,RI,O − 16.84±4.02 − − − 7 512-56-1 磷酸三甲酯 − − 1482 MS − − − − 19.55±4.11 8 111-55-7 1, 2-乙二醇二乙酸酯 − − 1558 MS − 414.29±58.07 − − − 9 93-89-0 苯甲醛乙酯 − 1653 1680 MS,RI − − 5.83±0.97 − − 10 140-11-4 乙酸苄酯 − 1742 1743 MS,RI − − 53.48±1.25 − − 11 109-21-7 丁酸丁酯 − 1216 1873 MS − − − − 95.27±4.66 12 104-67-6 桃醛 苦杏仁味 − 1948 MS,O 4.78±0.71b 9.51±2.83a 3.37±0.73b − − 13 616-38-6 碳酸二甲酯 − − 2125 MS − − − − 50.8±13.28 14 112-39-0 棕榈酸甲酯 − 2233 2222 MS, RI − − − − 45.78±3.63 15 5129-61-3 异硬脂酸甲酯 − − 2427 MS − − − − 17.89±11.51 酯类总含量 19.74±6.91c 459.55±74.03a 69.28±3.03c 29.60 ±7.59c 229.29±20.61b 含硫类 1 624-92-0 二甲基二硫醚 洋葱味 1066 1071 MS,RI,O 4.08±0.29b 6.3±0.93a 1.41±0.27c − − 2 592-88-1 二烯丙基硫醚 − 1143 1141 MS,RI 20.83±3.47 − − − − 3 2179-58-0 烯丙基甲基二硫醚 − 1281 1277 MS,RI 4.69±0.47 − − − − 4 3268-49-3 3-甲硫基丙醛 肉味 1456 1459 MS,RI,O − − − 55.83±5.32 − 5 2179-57-9 二烯丙基二硫醚 洋葱、肉味 1475 1484 MS,RI,O 62.72±12.77 − − − − 6 2179-57-9 己二烯二硫醚 − 1475 1485 MS,RI − − 3.18±0.74 − − 含硫类总含量 92.32±20.27a 6.30±1.14c 4.59±0.74c 55.83±5.32 b − 杂环类 1 290-37-9 吡嗪 烤榛子味 1257 1217 MS,RI,O − − − 56.01±0.29 − 2 109-08-0 甲基吡嗪 − 1261 1272 MS,RI 19.93±2.56b − 16.82±1.34b 106.28±5.62a − 3 123-32-0 2,5-二甲基吡嗪 − 1329 1331 MS,RI 30.93±1.74c − 43.96±3.47b 170.79±8.35a − 4 108-50-9 2, 6-二甲基吡嗪 烤牛肉味 1334 1337 MS,RI,O 6.52±0.64b 35.02±9.79a 6.92±1.56b − − 5 13925-00-3 乙基吡嗪 烤花生味 1338 1342 MS,RI,O − − − 32.72±7.74 − 6 5910-89-4 2,3-二甲基吡嗪 − 1342 1355 MS,RI − − 1.74±0.31b 14.95±0.73a − 7 13360-64-0 5-甲基-2-乙基-吡嗪 咖啡、烤坚果味 1393 1399 MS,RI,O − − 35.68±3.78b 63.65±3.18a − 8 40790-29-2 2, 5-二甲基-3-丁基-吡嗪 − − 1407 MS − − − − 38.72±14.83 9 13925-03-6 6-甲基-2-乙基吡嗪 − 1390 1400 MS,RI 23.14±2.67b 97.74±6.15a − − − 10 14667-55-1 三甲基吡嗪 烤土豆味 1410 1414 MS,RI,O 11.42±0.12 81.04±14.02a 44.27±3.07 72.26±0.17a − 11 13360-65-1 2, 5-二甲基-3-乙基吡嗪 烤杏仁、烤土豆味 1449 1455 MS,RI,O 7.31±0.61c − 30.18±2.23b 115.86±8.2a − 12 13925-07-0 3, 5-二甲基2-乙基吡嗪 土豆味 1462 1472 MS,RI,O − − 7.72±0.18b 23.14±5.71a − 13 18138-05-1 2-甲基3, 5-二乙基吡嗪 − 1492 1504 MS,RI − − 12.49±1.64 − − 14 620-02-0 5-甲基糠醛 焦糖味 1574 1583 MS,RI,O − 72.26±4.33a − 18.77±0.52b 19.19±3.07b 15 22047-25-2 乙酰基吡嗪 − 1629 1641 MS,RI − − 10.06±1.32 − − 16 98-00-0 糠醇 焦香味 1665 1670 MS,RI,O 32.6±2.29b − 13.52±0.98c 63.74±4.99a − 17 3208-16-0 2-乙基呋喃 − 945 951 MS,RI − − − 11.39±0.19 − 18 1004-29-1 2-丁基四氢呋喃 − − 1158 MS − − − − 16.84±3.04 19 3777-69-3 2-戊基呋喃 豆腥味 1228 1226 MS,RI,O 77.26±4.89c 214.75±2.61b 85.38±11.62c 777.51±49.89a 51.07±10.37c 20 98-01-1 糠醛 杏仁味 1467 1468 MS,RI,O 44.12±7.14c 934.37±64.75a 29.23±6.52c 82.18±5.68bc 131.81±19.49b 21 1192-62-7 2-乙酰基呋喃 − 1501 1513 MS,RI − 56.1±6.23a 11.36±2.13b 10.7±0.63b − 22 4179-38-8 2-辛基呋喃 − − 1542 MS 0.77±0.19 − − − − 23 98-00-0 2-呋喃甲醇 焦香味 1665 1670 MS,RI,O − 61.88±9.87a − − 44.78±14.99a 24 3658-77-3 呋喃酮 − 2033 2056 MS,RI − 24.55±5.84 − − − 25 616-44-4 3-甲基噻吩 脂肪味 1114 1089 MS,RI,O 31.96±4.32 − − − − 杂环类总含量 285.96±12.35b 1577.71±130.29a 349.33±9.58b 1619.96±72.07a 302.41±33.88b 含苯环类 1 108-88-3 甲苯 − 1037 1038 MS,RI − 19.92±1.82b 13.25±1.6b − 98.56±33.86a 2 108-38-3 1,3-二甲基苯 − 1141 1119 MS,RI − 9.29±1.5 − − − 3 106-42-3 对二甲苯 − 1130 1133 MS,RI 5.96±0.44b − 6.68±1.18b 5.68±0.89b 25.16±4.18a 4 95-47-6 邻二甲苯 − 1130 1133 MS,RI 5±0.85b − − − 13.01±1.36a 5 103-65-1 丙苯 − 1207 1203 MS,RI − 35.18±4.18 − − − 6 527-84-4 邻-异丙基苯 − 1298 1266 MS,RI 42.17±1.11a − − 52.81±18.3a − 7 95-63-6 1, 2, 4-三甲基苯 − 1278 1275 MS,RI − − − − 6.79±0.6 8 104-51-8 丁苯 − 1312 1311 MS,RI − 31.54±5.63 − − − 9 135-77-3 1, 2, 4-三甲氧基苯 − − 1979 MS − − 3.9±0.51 − − 含苯环类总含量 53.13±1.60bc 95.93±5.06b 23.84±2.74c 58.49±17.62bc 143.52±48.18a 烯烃类 1 111-67-1 2-辛烯 − − 836 MS − 28.41±2.42 − − − 2 124-11-8 1-壬烯 − 931 938 MS,RI − 61.04±2.64 − − − 3 20063-77-8 3-壬烯 − − 953 MS − 9.01±0.58b − − 15.34±3.62a 4 872-05-9 1-癸烯 − 1047 1039 MS,RI − 92.9±4.81 − − − 5 19689-18-0 4-癸烯 − − 1055 MS − 20.37±0.84 − − − 6 4941-53-1 5-十一烯 − − 1142 MS − 77.76±19.15 − − − 7 5989-27-5 柠檬烯 − − 1187 MS 73.9±2.35b 74.91±42.64b 140.56±23.06a 13.65±1.76c − 8 99-85-4 γ-松油烯 − 1235 1239 MS,RI 11.27±1.83b 20.98±1.54a − − − 9 100-42-5 苯乙烯 − 1255 1255 MS,RI 14.25±0.99b − 8.06±1.32b 110.28±29.14a 15.51±4.55b 10 527-84-4 伞花烃 − 1298 1268 MS,RI − − 84.69±13.85 − − 烯烃类总含量 99.42±0.87c 385.39±53.26a 233.30±38.52b 123.94±27.38c 30.86±3.44d 其它类 1 501-92-8 4-烯丙基苯酚 − − 1740 MS − − − 3.61±0.21 − 2 90-05-1 2-甲氧基苯酚 − 1889 1879 MS,RI − 59.98±6.08 − − − 3 90-05-1 愈创木酚 − 1889 1879 MS,RI 24.72±0.19a − 15.65±2.46b − − 4 1072-83-9 2-乙酰基吡咯 − 1980 1997 MS,RI − − 6.64±0.7 − − 5 118-71-8 麦芽酚 − 1981 1999 MS,RI − 210.55±25.83 − − − 6 118-71-8 甲基麦芽酚 焦糖味 1981 1999 MS,RI,O − − − 188.35±8.03 − 7 118-71-8 麦芽酚 − 1981 2001 MS,RI − − 10.1±2.29 − − 8 108-95-2 苯酚 − 2006 2007 MS,RI − − − − 48.82±10.78 9 120-72-9 吲哚 − 2441 2473 MS,RI − − − − 35.58±1.53 其它类总含量 24.72±0.19d 270.53±37.36a 32.38±1.36d 191.96±8.23b 84.40±11.84c 所有化合物总含量 3395.63±76.50b 5966.81±305.69a 1959.23±136.14c 3686.67±34.65b 5339.98±740.99a 表 2 5种肉样中的化合物含量和数量汇总
Table 2. Summary of compounds content and variety 5 meat samples
化合物含量(ng/g) 化合物数量(种) 样品I 样品B 样品O 样品C 牛肉 样品I 样品B 样品O 样品C 牛肉 醛类 1711.54±104.35c 2070.74±72.31b 915.57±71.81d 946.01±12.37d 2811.03±383.41a 21 16 20 10 12 醇类 376.20±27.97b 486.20±35.96b 152.28±12.70c 192.18±4.94c 1281.31±195.62a 9 14 9 8 14 酮类 207.08±16.31d 560.62±18.12a 140.78±22.01e 447.26±21.20b 266.03±32.73c 7 14 10 8 10 酸类 525.52±51.76a 53.85±5.59c 37.86±6.53c 21.43±0.39c 191.12±42.23b 4 1 3 1 3 酯类 19.74±6.91c 459.55±74.03a 69.28±3.03c 29.60 ±7.59c 229.29±20.61b 2 4 5 2 5 含硫类 92.32±20.27a 6.30±1.14c 4.59±0.74c 55.83±5.32b 0 4 1 2 1 0 杂环类 285.96±12.35b 1577.71±130.29a 349.33±9.58b 1619.96±72.07a 302.41±33.88b 11 9 14 15 6 含苯环类 53.13±1.60bc 95.93±5.06b 23.84±2.74c 58.49±17.62bc 143.52±48.18a 3 4 3 2 4 烯烃类 99.42±0.87c 385.39±53.26a 233.30±38.52b 123.94±27.38c 30.86±3.44d 3 8 3 2 2 其它类 24.72±0.19d 270.53±37.36a 32.38±1.36d 191.96±8.23b 84.40±11.84c 1 2 3 2 2 汇总 3395.63±76.50b 5966.81±305.69a 1959.23±136.14c 3686.67±34.65b 5339.98±740.99a 65 73 72 51 58 表 3 植物蛋白肉和牛肉之间的质构分析
Table 3. Texture analysis between plant-based meat analogues and beef
样品I 样品B 样品O 样品C 牛肉 硬度(N) 4.36±0.57b 1.76±0.23d 3.43±0.2bc 2.91±0.25c 9.31±1.02a 粘附性(N×mm) 0.03±0.01c 0.06±0a 0.04±0b 0.03±0c 0.02±0d 弹性(mm) 2.20±0.25b 1.07±0.29c 2.40±0.17b 2.31±0.12b 3.58±0.15a 回复性(%) 0.18±0.02d 0.15±0.01e 0.27±0c 0.37±0.01a 0.32±0.01b 胶粘性(N) 1.89±0.33b 0.64±0.03c 1.94±0.19b 1.93±0.16b 6.19±0.28a 咀嚼性(mJ) 4.21±1.23b 0.8±0.09c 4.67±0.58b 4.47±0.44b 22.17±1.86a 表 4 不同植物肉和牛肉之间的感官评价得分对比
Table 4. Comparison of sensory evaluation scores between different plant-based meat analogues and beef
样品I 样品B 样品O 样品C 牛肉 肉香气 2.7±0.95a 3.0±1.05a 2.0±0.67b 3.2±0.79a 3.3±1.49a 肉滋味 2.6±1.17bc 2.6±0.84bc 1.9±0.57c 3.4±0.84ab 4.0±1.05a 嫩度 2.4±1.07a 2.7±0.95a 2.9±0.99a 2.8±0.79a 2.3±0.95a 多汁性 2.5±0.71a 2.6±0.84a 2.4±0.84a 2.4±1.17a 2.3±0.95a 其它香气 3.1±0.99a 3.0±1.41a 2.6±1.17ab 3.1±0.88a 1.9±1.2b 异味(如豆腥味、肉膻味等) 2.2±1.4a 1.9±1.29a 2.3±1.06a 1.8±0.92a 2.0±0.94a 总体可接受度 3.1±0.88ab 2.9±0.99ab 2.4±1.17b 3.7±0.82a 3.0±1.15ab -
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