Abstract: The alleviation effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MP108-containing products on diarrhea caused by Enterotoxic Escherichia coli was evaluated. Six-week-old male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, MP108 probiotic product group, and high-dose MP108 probiotic product group, and probiotic interventions lasted for two weeks. After the experiment, the fecal water content, serum diarrhea-related proteins, inflammatory factors, pathological changes of jejunum tissue, and gut microbial alterations were evaluated. The results showed that both the MP108 product group and the high-dose MP108 product group relieved diarrhea symptoms caused by Enterotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC) via reducing jejunum damage, decreasing the levels of serum inflammatory factors, suppressing the expressions of serum ferritin (ST) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and increasing aquaporin 3 (AQP3) levels. Intestinal flora analysis showed that L. rhamnosus MP108 product restored the intestinal microecology and increased the proportions of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria including Akkermansia, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae. Collectively, L. rhamnosus MP108 probiotic products relieve diarrhea by regulating the expression of diarrhea-related proteins and inflammatory factors and modulating gut microbiota.