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中国精品科技期刊2020

多糖的降血压作用及其机制研究进展

许继隆 李中原 于子豪 王亚齐 祁晨 高蕊 史嘉欣 魏晋智 乔汉桢 王金荣

许继隆,李中原,于子豪,等. 多糖的降血压作用及其机制研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(3):461−469. doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022030315
引用本文: 许继隆,李中原,于子豪,等. 多糖的降血压作用及其机制研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(3):461−469. doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022030315
XU Jilong, LI Zhongyuan, YU Zihao, et al. Research Progress on Antihypertensive Effect of Polysaccharide and Its Mechanism[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(3): 461−469. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022030315
Citation: XU Jilong, LI Zhongyuan, YU Zihao, et al. Research Progress on Antihypertensive Effect of Polysaccharide and Its Mechanism[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(3): 461−469. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022030315

多糖的降血压作用及其机制研究进展

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022030315
基金项目: “十四五”国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1300300);河南省自然科学基金(202300410104);河南工业大学创新基金支持计划专项(2020ZKCJ25);河南工业大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目(31401132);河南工业大学青年骨干教师培育计划项目(21421204)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    许继隆(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:动物营养与饲料资源开发,E-mail:1139175253@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    乔汉桢(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:动物营养与天然活性产物开发,E-mail: hzqiao@haut.edu.cn

    王金荣(1970−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:动物营养与饲料安全,E-mail: wangjr@haut.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TS201.4

Research Progress on Antihypertensive Effect of Polysaccharide and Its Mechanism

  • 摘要: 高血压是全球范围内导致残疾和过早死亡的主要风险因素之一,我国高血压及其相关并发症呈逐年升高的趋势,并逐渐年轻化。口服降压药虽能暂时将血压控制在一个正常范围内,但是可能会对机体多个系统产生严重的不良反应。随着多糖与高血压的关系研究逐渐深入,越来越多的研究表明多糖作为天然活性物质,对高血压具有安全、副作用小的优势。本文从多糖类别、来源、剂量、动物模型等方面介绍了多糖的降血压作用效果,阐述了多糖调节肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统、改善内皮功能、调控多因子等降血压机制,简述了多糖与降血压作用的构效关系,对多糖应用于高血压的治疗前景进行了展望,为多糖降压药的研发提供了科学参考,也为高血压患者的疾病防治提供了更多的选择性。
  • 图  1  多糖降血压机制图

    Figure  1.  Diagram of the hypotensive mechanism of polysaccharides

    注:Ang-Ⅰ:血管紧张素-Ⅰ(angiotensin-Ⅰ);Ang-Ⅱ:血管紧张素-Ⅱ(angiotensin-Ⅱ);ACE:血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin converting enzyme);RI:肾素抑制剂;ACEI:血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitior);ARBs:血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(angiotensin receptor blockers);RAS:肾素-血管紧张素系统(renin-angiotensin system);AT1R:Ang-Ⅱ一型受体(angiotensin-Ⅱ type 1 receptor);ET-1:内皮素-1(endothelin-1);ETA:内皮素受体A(endothelin receptor A);ETB:内皮素受体B(endothelin receptor B);NOS;一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase)。

    表  1  高血压诊断标准[1]

    Table  1.   Diagnostic criteria for hypertension[1]

    血压分级收缩压(mmHg)舒张压(mmHg)
    正常<120<80
    高血压前期120~13980~90
    1期高血压140~15990~99
    2期高血压≥160≥100
    3期高血压≥180≥110
    注:当收缩压与舒张压处于不同级别时,取较高的为准。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  部分具有降血压作用的多糖及其作用效果

    Table  2.   Some polysaccharides with hypotensive effect and its effect

    多糖
    类别
    多糖来源实验模型多糖给药方式与剂量(mg/kg·d)降压效果参考文献
    植物多糖中草药仙人掌果A灌胃:760、1580、2370剂量依赖性降低血压,其中中、高剂量组降压
    效果与卡托普利接近,无药物耐受现象且对
    心率无影响
    [26-27]
    中草药天麻B灌胃:50、100、200剂量依赖性降低血压,效果与卡托普利类似[28]
    中草药黄芪C灌胃:400显著降低血压并减缓高血压引发的血管和
    肾脏损伤
    [29]
    中草药枸杞B;D灌胃:5、10、20、25降低肾血管性高血压大鼠与妊娠期小鼠的血压,改善胎鼠发育[30-31]
    海洋植物胶球藻B自由采食:50、100
    (饲料中)
    可预防2K1C大鼠高血压的发生,显著降低血压[32]
    海洋植物海带B灌胃:12.5、25、50剂量依赖性降低血压,高剂量组与卡托普利效果相当,且作用平稳,对血管刺激小[33]
    海洋植物海藻G口服(液体):250、500呈剂量依赖性降低血压,增加了钠排泄、
    血清钠含量、血浆心钠素含量
    [34]
    中草药配方心肌尔康B;E细胞处理:0.15、0.3、0.6、1.2 mg/mL;灌胃:2470剂量依赖性降低血压并减少高血压的损害[35]
    微生物多糖真菌白灵菇A灌胃:150显著降低血压,可预防并改善高血压[36]
    细菌开菲尔乳杆菌F灌胃:100、300剂量依赖性显著降低血压[37-38]
    动物多糖海洋动物鱿鱼皮(硫酸化)H体外试验:0.2~1.0 mg/mL剂量依赖性抑制ACE活性[39]
    海洋动物牡蛎多糖H体外试验:2.06 mg/mL剂量依赖性抑制ACE活性[40]
    注:A:自发性高血压大鼠;B:两肾一夹(2K1C)诱导模型;C:血管紧张素-Ⅱ(angiotensin-Ⅱ,Ang-Ⅱ)诱导模型;D:冷刺激诱导模型;E:N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,L-NAME)诱导模型;F:易卒中自发性高血压大鼠;G:Sprague Dawley大鼠;H:体外试验;ACE:血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme)。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  多糖对ACE活性的抑制效果

    Table  3.   Inhibitory effect of polysaccharide on ACE activity

    多糖类别多糖来源剂量(mg/mL)ACE活性抑制率(%)IC50(mg/mL)参考文献
    植物多糖杏仁副产品579.52.81[48]
    植物多糖开心果副产品581.782.59[48]
    植物多糖西瓜皮193.930.21[49]
    植物多糖海神草(硫酸化)0.891.790.43[50]
    动物多糖鱿鱼皮(硫酸化)186.30.14[39]
    植物多糖咖啡渣0.6H:86.95
    U:98.17
    H:0.20
    U:0.15
    [51]
    植物多糖鹰嘴豆多糖187.83/[52]
    微生物
    多糖
    乳酸菌胞外多糖30 µL15.823.66[53]
    动物多糖牡蛎多糖//2.06[40]
    植物多糖红毛藻多糖0~1000/0.34[54]
    注:IC50:半抑制浓度,即抑制一半ACE活性所需要多糖的浓度;H:热水处理法(hot water treatment);U:超声波辅助法(ultrasound-assisted extraction)。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  多糖通过调控多因子降血压

    Table  4.   Polysaccharides lower blood pressure by regulating multiple factors

    多糖
    类别
    多糖
    来源
    实验
    模型
    多糖给药方式与剂量
    (mg/kg·d)
    作用效果作用机制参考文献
    植物多糖中草药仙人掌果A灌胃:760、1580、2370;灌胃:790、1580、3060降压效果呈量效与
    时效关系
    显著降低收缩压,降低血浆Ang-Ⅱ、ET水平,提升NO含量,保护主动脉内皮细胞,逆转血管平滑肌细胞增殖[85-86]
    中草药黄芪H细胞处理:80、160、320 μg/mL显著改善高血压血瘀症
    患者症状
    可减轻高血压病患者内皮细胞的损伤,增强细胞活性和维持细胞形态结构[22]
    中草药丹参A灌胃:40显著降低收缩压与舒张压,降压效果与卡托普利相当通过下调COX-2基因的表达,
    显著降低血压,且降压效果与
    卡托普利相近
    [89]
    中草药车前子(粗多糖)I胶囊口服给药:1.6 g,每天2次显著降低高血压患者血压促进肠道双歧杆菌与多形拟杆菌的生长,改善肠道微生态[23-24]
    中草药白桑果A细胞处理:0.5 mg/mL显著下调自发性高血压大鼠与SD大鼠的血压刺激内皮细胞产生NO,抑制ACE活性,诱导内皮依赖性舒张[58, 90]
    海洋植物褐藻
    (硫酸化)
    E灌胃:1.6、3.1、6.2、12.5、25降血压效果呈剂量依赖性可能与促进体内NO生成或释放,降低ET-1和Ang-Ⅱ的水平有关[87]
    海洋植物红藻
    (硫酸化)
    J自由采食:5%显著降低血压,逆转大鼠
    代谢综合征
    可通过减少炎性细胞对器官浸润以及发挥肠道益生功能改善代谢综合征[91]
    海洋植物褐藻
    (硫酸化)
    B灌胃:12.5、25、50呈剂量依赖性降低心率、动脉压、收缩压和舒张压可能与促进体内NO生成,降低ET和Ang-Ⅱ释放有关[88]
    微生物
    多糖
    真菌、
    中草药
    冬虫夏草A灌胃:50、100、200降血压效果呈时间与剂量依赖性,中剂量多糖可使肾Ang-Ⅱ恢复至正常水平促进NO的分泌,降低血浆ET-1
    与Ang-Ⅱ的水平,降低C反应
    蛋白表达
    [84]
    注:A:自发性高血压大鼠模型;B:两肾一夹(2K1C)诱导模型;E:左侧肾动脉缩窄诱导模型;H:自发性高血压患者;I:老年高血压患者;J:高碳水化合物、高脂肪诱导模型;ACE:血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme);Ang-II:血管紧张素-Ⅱ(angiotensin-Ⅱ);ET:内皮素(endothelin);NO:一氧化氮(nitric oxide);ET-1;内皮素-1(endothelin-1)。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-03-25
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