Effect of Ultra-high Pressure Sterilization and Pasteurization on the Quality of Passion Fruit Juice during Storage
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摘要: 本文研究了超高压杀菌(Ultra-High Pressure Sterilization,600 MPa/6 min)和巴氏杀菌(Pasteurization,80 ℃/30 s)对百香果果汁贮藏期菌落总数、理化指标、抗氧化活性、营养成分及挥发性成分的影响。结果表明:两种处理方式均使百香果汁达到商业无菌的状态,贮藏期结束后,巴氏杀菌和超高压杀菌菌落总数小于100 CFU/mL。巴氏杀菌使果汁总色差显著升高(P<0.05),且始终高于超高压处理,说明超高压杀菌对保持百香果汁色泽更有效。超高压处理对百香果汁可溶性糖、总酸、蛋白质含量无显著性影响(P>0.05)。贮藏期结束后,巴氏杀菌果汁的总酚、维生素C、总黄酮含量显著低于(P<0.05)超高压杀菌处理。巴氏杀菌处理后果汁的挥发性化合物酯类、醇类、酮类、醛类、烯烃类保留率低于超高压处理,且保留率与贮藏期呈负相关。综上,传统巴氏杀菌会降低百香果汁感官品质和营养品质,超高压杀菌对百香果汁品质的保持有显著优势。Abstract: The effects of ultra-high pressure sterilization (UHP, 600 MPa/6 min) and pasteurization (80 ℃/30 s) on the total number of colonies, physical and chemical indexes, antioxidant activity, nutritional components and volatile components of passion fruit juice during storage were studied. The results showed that the passion fruit juice were commercially sterile under these two treatments. After the storage period, the total number of bacterial colonies of pasteurization and ultra-high pressure sterilization were less than 100 CFU/mL. Pasteurization significantly increased the total color difference of passion fruit juice (P<0.05) and was always higher than that of ultra-high pressure treatment, indicating that ultra-high pressure sterilization was more effective in maintain the color of passion fruit juice. Ultra-high pressure treatment had no significant effect on the soluble sugar, total acid and protein content of passion fruit juice (P>0.05). After the end of storage period, the contents of total phenols, vitamin C and total flavonoids in pasteurization juice was significantly lower than those in ultra-high pressure sterilization (P<0.05). The retention rates of volatile compounds esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and alkenes in pasteurized juice were lower than that in ultra-high pressure treatment, and all retention rates were negatively correlated with storage period. In conclusion, traditional pasteurization can reduce the sensory quality and nutritional quality of passion fruit juice, and ultra-high pressure sterilization has obvious advantages in maintaining the quality of passion fruit juice.
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表 1 超高压和巴氏杀菌对百香果汁总菌落的影响
Table 1. Effects of UHP and PT on total bacterial colonies of passion fruit juice
表 2 超高压和巴氏杀菌对百香果汁贮藏期pH、TSS的影响
Table 2. Effect of UHP and PT on pH, TSS of passion fruit juice during storage
处理条件 贮藏期(d) pH TSS(ºBrix) CK 0
5
10
15
20
253.09±0.04cdef
3.07±0.02ef
3.11±0.02bcdef
3.07±0.01ef
3.09±0.02cdef
3.07±0.02ef18.47±0.25ab
18.40±0.20bc
18.33±0.21bcde
18.20±0.03defgh
18.10±0.10efghi
17.77±0.06hi巴氏杀菌 0
5
10
15
20
253.20±0.20ab
3.22±0.05a
3.18±0.04abc
3.25±0.07a
3.18±0.06abcd
3.17±0.02abcde18.66±0.25a
18.40±0.20bcd
18.28±0.26bcdef
18.16±0.27efghi
17.87±0.29ghi
17.68±0.12i超高压杀菌 0
5
10
15
20
253.02±0.04f
3.03±0.02f
3.08±0.01def
3.06±0.01ef
3.07±0.01ef
3.08±0.02def18.73±0.06a
18.53±0.25ab
18.23±0.06bcdef
18.03±0.06fghi
17.80±0ghi
17.63±0.12i表 3 超高压和巴氏杀菌对百香果汁贮藏期颜色的影响
Table 3. Effect of UHP and PT on the color of passion fruit juice during storage
处理条件 贮藏时间(d) L* a* b* ΔE CK 0 45.60±0.99bc 1.71±0.07bcd 3.97±0.26a 0l 5 45.5±0.13bcd 1.55±0.04e 3.93±0.01a 0.21±0.09k 10 45.76±0.38b 1.68±0.06d 3.78±0.05b 0.40±0.02j 15 45.23±0.08cde 1.69±0.02cd 3.58±0.09cde 0.55±0.05i 20 45.11±0.02cde 1.53±0.03e 3.46±0.03ef 0.73±0.03gh 25 44.99±0.07e 1.50±0.03e 3.43±0.02f 0.83±0.06f 巴氏杀菌 0 46.36±0.06a 1.73±0.09abcd 3.63±0.07c 0.84±0.03ef 5 46.35±0.03a 1.79±0.02a 3.45±0.04ef 0.91±0.02e 10 46.43±0.05a 1.78±0.01a 3.43±0.01f 0.99±0.03d 15 46.41±0.03a 1.77±0.02ab 3.21±0.05g 1.11±0.06c 20 46.45±0.03a 1.74±0.03abc 3.46±0.03ef 1.25±0.05b 25 46.52±0.03a 1.74±0.01abc 3.43±0.02f 1.38±0.07a 超高压杀菌 0 45.55±0.03bc 1.68±0.01cd 3.60±0.02cd 0.38±0.02j 5 45.59±0.16bc 1.78±0.01a 3.57±0.01cde 0.43±0.01j 10 45.26±0.06cde 1.78±0.02a 3.49±0.03def 0.59±0.05i 15 45.20±0.10cde 1.74±0.01abc 3.43±0.02f 0.67±0.07h 20 45.04±0.03de 1.77±0.02ab 3.39±0.02f 0.80±0.02fg 25 45.02±0.04de 1.76±0.01ab 3.39±0.02f 0.82±0.02f 表 4 超高压和巴氏杀菌对百香果汁贮藏期抗氧化能力的影响
Table 4. Effect of UHP and PT on antioxidant activity of passion fruit juice during storage
处理条件 贮藏时间(d) 铁离子还原能力(μmol/L) DPPH·清除率(%) ABTS+·清除率(%) CK 0 252.63±3.39b 19.90±1.31b 88.00±2.22a 5 202.72±5.12c 5.86±0.67e 73.60±1.30cd 10 177.56±1.43d 5.12±1.17ef 73.57±1.69cd 15 171.53±1.75def 4.70±0.10ef 73.19±1.76cde 20 168.19±1.96efg 2.61±0.19gh 75.49±1.55c 25 177.19±5.10d 1.90±0.14h 73.73±0.70cd 巴氏杀菌 0 250.17±2.60b 19.15±0.21b 72.93±0.17cde 5 176.06±9.35d 12.97±0.75d 70.90±2.36e 10 173.00±2.24de 4.63±0.29ef 72.91±1.07cde 15 152.91±1.67h 3.90±0.06fg 72.04±3.30de 20 150.66±7.06h 2.42±0.02gh 73.99±0.68cd 25 150.72±3.89h 1.54±0.15h 74.09±1.03cd 超高压杀菌 0 264.10±1.46a 23.53±0.62a 84.27±0.95b 5 206.19±3.80c 22.24±1.57a 73.70±0.81cd 10 174.91±2.71d 22.41±1.95a 73.70±0.81cd 15 176.06±9.35d 20.26±0.52b 75.24±0.69c 20 164.34±3.51g 15.79±1.40c 74.76±1.47cd 25 166.53±2.04fg 14.22±1.25d 73.81±2.57cd 表 5 杀菌处理后百香果汁贮藏期挥发性化合物的变化
Table 5. Changes of volatile compounds in passion fruit juice after sterilization during storage
序号 CAS号 名称 相对含量(%) 0C 0P 0H 5C 5P 5H 10C 10P 10H 15C 15P 15H 20C 20P 20H 25C 25P 25H 1 141-78-6 乙酸乙酯 6.31 6.19 6.21 5.98 5.89 6.17 5.46 5.86 6.02 5.13 5.79 6.11 4.87 5.76 3.98 4.52 5.23 3.77 2 79-20-9 乙酸甲酯 1.50 1.42 1.42 1.38 1.25 1.33 1.19 0.96 1.07 1.13 0.76 1.19 0.98 0.53 1.06 — — 0.97 3 105-54-4 丁酸乙酯 10.97 9.65 10.56 9.98 11.03 10.32 9.67 9.87 9.98 9.03 8.65 8.99 8.77 8.37 8.96 8.11 7.98 8.13 4 106-32-1 辛酸乙酯 1.02 0.98 1.00 0.89 0.75 0.85 0.64 0.56 0.65 0.56 0.23 0.62 0.23 — 0.45 0.19 — 0.32 5 6378-65-0 己酸己酯 4.32 4.36 4.25 4.08 3.78 4.16 3.76 3.21 3.98 3.34 2.34 3.76 2.71 1.61 3.23 2.13 1.35 3.12 6 109-20-6 异戊酸香叶基酯 0.53 0.47 0.45 0.41 — 0.38 0.32 — 0.29 0.19 — 0.27 — — — — — — 7 1259-10-5 环芳基乙酸酯 7.62 6.54 7.27 7.13 5.98 7.02 6.56 3.56 6.78 5.87 3.25 6.53 5.13 2.98 5.37 4.87 2.54 5.21 8 301-00-8 亚麻酸甲酯 2.31 1.37 2.16 2.14 — 1.52 1.97 — 1.39 1.23 — 0.97 0.67 — 0.92 0.33 — 0.88 9 109-43-3 癸二酸二丁酯 — 2.20 2.97 — 2.98 — — 3.98 — — 3.58 — — 1.47 2.37 — 1.32 2.16 10 93789-66-3 异胆酸乙酯 — 1.76 2.61 — 2.23 2.08 — 3.07 2.01 — 2.48 2.68 — 2.08 2.53 — 1.97 2.13 11 123-51-3 异戊醇 5.30 5.04 4.63 4.87 — 4.03 4.16 — 3.78 3.98 — 3.12 3.46 — 3.08 2.97 — 2.76 12 469-39-6 环六烯醇 3.52 3.29 3.33 3.57 3.32 3.87 3.69 4.21 4.78 3.67 3.98 4.92 3.93 3.07 4.57 4.12 2.76 4.34 13 83-47-6 谷甾醇 4.32 — — 3.12 3.17 — 1.97 3.17 — 1.42 3.07 — — 2.36 — — 2.34 — 14 106-69-4 1,2,6-己三醇 5.67 5.13 5.37 5.13 4.36 4.74 4.78 — 3.78 4.32 — 3.54 3.45 — 2.97 2.77 — 2.76 15 1449-09-8 环芳醇 5.85 9.04 9.34 5.87 6.7 8.76 5.33 5.32 7.54 5.15 5.17 6.35 4.98 4.85 5.37 4.73 4.56 4.78 16 78-70-6 芳樟醇 3.31 2.76 3.09 3.12 — 2.97 2.97 — 2.15 2.86 — 2.16 2.13 — 1.98 1.85 — 1.76 17 111-27-3 正己醇 1.42 1.00 1.32 1.33 0.45 1.03 1.12 — 0.78 1.01 — 0.56 0.78 — 0.32 0.53 — — 18 78-83-1 异丁醇 1.37 1.07 1.24 0.73 — 0.67 0.41 — — 0.17 — — — — — — — — 19 541-57-1 4-羟基-2,5-二甲基-
3(2H)呋喃酮6.18 5.51 6.02 6.02 5.74 5.52 5.79 5.82 4.67 5.67 5.13 3.77 5.12 4.47 2.46 4.87 4.68 1.93 20 79-77-6 β-紫罗兰酮 3.36 3.08 3.13 3.23 3.32 2.9 3.10 2.64 1.98 2.87 2.37 1.62 2.89 2.06 1.97 2.67 2.66 0.87 21 110-43-0 2-庚酮 0.93 0.81 0.89 0.76 0.34 0.42 0.34 — 0.23 — — 0.15 — — — — — — 22 3796-70-1 香叶基丙酮 0.77 0.69 0.73 0.54 0.53 0.55 0.43 — 0.37 0.28 — 0.33 — — — — — — 23 78-85-3 异丁烯醛 3.12 2.65 2.98 2.76 2.13 2.31 2.33 2.35 1.87 1.98 2.31 1.89 1.47 2.11 1.73 1.21 1.97 1.56 24 111-02-4 反式角鲨烯 4.13 4.26 4.03 3.98 4.09 3.82 3.76 3.69 4.17 3.24 3.5 3.57 2.98 3.34 2.81 2.76 2.98 1.87 25 18835-33-1 十六碳烯 0.52 0.34 0.32 0.43 — 0.37 0.36 — 0.56 0.27 — 0.67 — — 1.02 — — 1.39 26 621-82-9 肉桂酸 1.27 1.12 1.72 1.02 — 1.43 0.98 — 0.87 0.52 — 1.98 — — 2.21 — — 1.89 27 2091-29-4 棕榈油酸 — — — — 4.08 1.59 — 3.21 1.78 1.56 3.65 1.05 1.32 3.52 1.83 1.77 3.42 1.93 28 57-10-3 棕榈酸 6.11 4.47 4.87 6.07 5.88 5.02 5.92 6.03 4.83 5.13 6.76 5.04 4.76 5.44 4.81 3.96 3.66 4.8 29 463-40-1 亚麻酸 3.97 5.04 3.66 3.87 3.68 4.64 3.97 5.56 5.32 4.76 6.07 5.16 5.13 5.23 5.32 5.07 5.6 4.67 30 57-11-4 硬脂酸 4.28 3.29 4.39 4.12 — 3.79 3.97 4.21 3.42 4.13 4.32 3.84 4.22 3.72 4.17 4.16 2.32 3.89 注:“—”表示未检出该指标;“0、5、10、15、20、25”分别代表贮藏天数;“C、P、H”分别代表对照、巴氏杀菌和超高压杀菌。 表 6 百香果汁贮藏期间挥发性化合物的种类及相对含量
Table 6. Types and relative contents of volatile compounds in passion fruit juice during storage
化合物类别 相对含量(%) 0C 0P 0H 5C 5P 5H 10C 10P 10H 15C 15P 15H 20C 20P 20H 25C 25P 25H 酯类 34.58 34.93 38.92 31.99 33.89 33.83 29.57 31.07 32.17 26.48 27.08 31.12 23.36 22.80 28.87 20.15 20.39 26.69 醇类 30.77 27.34 28.33 27.74 18.00 26.07 24.43 12.70 22.81 22.58 12.22 20.65 18.73 10.28 18.29 16.97 9.66 16.40 酮类 11.24 10.09 10.77 10.55 9.93 9.39 9.66 8.46 7.25 8.82 7.5 5.87 8.01 6.53 4.43 7.54 7.34 2.8 醛类 3.12 2.65 2.98 2.26 4.13 2.31 2.33 2.35 1.87 1.98 2.31 1.89 1.47 2.11 1.73 1.21 1.97 1.56 烯烃类 4.65 4.61 4.35 4.41 4..09 4.19 4.12 3.69 4.73 3.51 3.5 4.24 2.98 3.34 3.83 2.76 2.98 3.26 酸类 15.63 15.55 14.65 15.08 13.64 16.47 14.84 19.01 16.22 16.1 20.80 17.07 15.43 17.91 18.34 14.96 15.00 17.18 注:“0、5、10、15、20、25”分别代表贮藏天数;“C、P、H”分别代表对照、巴氏杀菌和超高压杀菌。 -
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