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中国精品科技期刊2020

高茶黄素速溶红茶的酶促氧化工艺优化及品质分析

刘金鑫 李晓洁 李建华 谈亚丽 杜维力 李啸

刘金鑫,李晓洁,李建华,等. 高茶黄素速溶红茶的酶促氧化工艺优化及品质分析[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(5):185−194. doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060065
引用本文: 刘金鑫,李晓洁,李建华,等. 高茶黄素速溶红茶的酶促氧化工艺优化及品质分析[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(5):185−194. doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060065
LIU Jinxin, LI Xiaojie, LI Jianhua, et al. Optimization of Enzymatic Oxidation Process and Quality Analysis of High-theaflavins Instant Black Tea[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(5): 185−194. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060065
Citation: LIU Jinxin, LI Xiaojie, LI Jianhua, et al. Optimization of Enzymatic Oxidation Process and Quality Analysis of High-theaflavins Instant Black Tea[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(5): 185−194. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060065

高茶黄素速溶红茶的酶促氧化工艺优化及品质分析

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060065
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2101100)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘金鑫(1993−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:茶叶深加工,E-mail:liujinxin61@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    李啸(1969−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:微生物反应过程的优化与控制, E-mail:lx_6910@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TS275.2

Optimization of Enzymatic Oxidation Process and Quality Analysis of High-theaflavins Instant Black Tea

  • 摘要: 为实现夏秋绿茶的高值化利用,本研究以夏秋绿茶为原料,开发一款高茶黄素速溶红茶。在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面法优化酶促氧化工艺条件,最后对产品的感官评价、理化指标及香气组分进行了分析。结果表明,最优工艺为:酶添加量1/1000 (mL/mL),pH4.90,反应温度50 ℃,反应时间44 min。在该工艺条件下,产品清香可口,汤色橙红透亮,茶黄素含量高达2.11%±0.04%,理化指标均达到相关标准要求。采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid-phase microextraction,HS-SPME)结合气质联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)法,共检测出70种香气组分,包括醇类16种,酮类15种,醛类6种,酯类9种,酸类5种,酚类4种,碳氢类5种,其他10种。其中醇类相对含量占比最高,高达32.34%±0.14%,整体香气轮廓主要呈现青草香与花香。该研究结果为我国茶叶深加工的发展提供了一定的理论依据。
  • 图  1  反应温度对茶黄素含量的影响

    Figure  1.  Effect of reaction temperature on the content of theaflavins

    图  2  反应时间对茶黄素含量的影响

    Figure  2.  Effect of reaction time on the content of theaflavins

    图  3  pH对茶黄素含量的影响

    Figure  3.  Effect of pH on the content of theaflavins

    图  4  酶添加量对茶黄素含量的影响

    Figure  4.  Effect of enzyme addition on the content of theaflavins

    图  5  反应温度、反应时间、pH和酶添加量对茶黄素含量交互影响的响应面图

    Figure  5.  Response surface plots of effects of interaction between reaction temperature, reaction time, pH and enzyme addition on the content of theaflavins

    图  6  感官评价结果雷达图

    Figure  6.  Radar chart of sensory evaluation results

    图  7  速溶红茶香气组分总离子流图

    Figure  7.  Total ion chromatogram of aroma components of instant black tea

    表  1  Box-Behnken试验设计因素与水平

    Table  1.   Factors and levels of Box-Behnken experiments design

    水平A 反应温度
    (℃)
    B 反应时间
    (min)
    C pHD 酶添加量
    (mL/mL)
    −140204.51:5000
    050405.01:1000
    160605.51:500
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  速溶红茶感官评价标准表

    Table  2.   Sensory evaluation standard of instant black tea

    项目权重感官评分(分)评价标准
    80~100红棕色,色泽均匀明亮,颗粒分明不结块
    外形25%50~79红棕色,色泽均匀较明亮,颗粒分明,无明显结块
    0~49红棕色,色泽不均暗淡,颗粒结块明显
    80~100滋味浓厚,鲜爽可口
    滋味25%50~79滋味适中,尚可口
    0~49滋味平淡,口感差
    80~100具有红茶原有茶香,茶香浓厚
    香气10%50~79具有红茶原有茶香,茶香较淡
    0~49无红茶原有茶香
    80~100红中透亮,色泽均匀
    汤色20%50~79汤色适中,色泽均匀
    0~49汤色暗淡无光泽,色泽不均
    80~100溶解均匀,无明显杂质及沉淀
    组织状态20%50~79溶解均匀,少量杂质及沉淀
    0~49溶解不均,具有明显杂质及沉淀
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  响应面试验设计及结果

    Table  3.   Response surface experiment design and results

    试验号A 反应温度B 反应时间C pHD 酶添加量Y 茶黄素含量(%)
    111001.7
    200001.96
    300−111.75
    40−10−11.4
    5−10011.1
    60−1011.2
    71−1001.23
    8−10101.45
    901011.42
    1001101.52
    1100002.01
    1200111.28
    1300002.05
    14−100−11.52
    15−11001.52
    1610011.28
    1700001.93
    180−1101.37
    1900−1−11.53
    20−10−101.58
    21010−11.57
    2210−101.37
    23001−11.48
    2401−101.64
    25−1−1001.60
    26100−11.46
    2710101.47
    280−1−101.47
    2900001.96
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  回归模型方差分析

    Table  4.   Variance analysis of regression model

    方差来源平方和自由度均方FP显著性
    模型1.59140.1111.01< 0.0001**
    A5.633E-00315.633E-0030.550.4719
    B0.1010.109.790.0074**
    C0.04910.0494.800.0460*
    D0.07210.0727.000.0192*
    AB0.07610.0767.340.0169*
    AC0.01310.0131.280.2763
    AD0.01410.0141.400.2568
    BC1.000E-00411.000E-0049.706E-0030.9229
    BD6.250E-00416.250E-0040.0610.8090
    CD0.04410.0444.280.0575
    A20.5310.5351.35< 0.0001**
    B20.3810.3836.44< 0.0001**
    C20.2810.2826.930.0001**
    D20.6710.6765.21< 0.0001**
    残差0.14140.010
    失拟项0.14100.0145.950.0501不显著
    纯误差9.080E-00342.270E-003
    总和1.7328
    R2=0.9167R²adj=0.8335
    注:“*”表示对结果影响差异显著(P<0.05);“**”表示对结果影响差异极显著(P<0.01)。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  感官评审结果

    Table  5.   Sensory evaluation results

    外形滋味香气汤色组织状态加权后总分
    1966875989687.30
    2927580959387.35
    3968371939890.05
    4937864959687.35
    5957183949788.00
    6957669979487.85
    7956972919886.00
    8936874929685.25
    9937760949586.30
    10908572969789.55
    平均分93.875.072.094.596.087.50
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  速溶红茶理化指标

    Table  6.   Physicochemical indexes of instant black tea

    指标检测结果标准要求评价参考标准
    茶多酚(g/100 g)27.40±0.66≥6.0合格QB/T 4067-2010
    咖啡因(g/100 g)4.53±0.04≥1.0合格
    水分(%)2.78±0.35≤6.0合格
    铅(mg/kg)0.038±0.00<5.0合格
    总砷(mg/kg)0.044±0.00<2.0合格
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  速溶红茶香气组分分析

    Table  7.   Analysis of aroma components of instant black tea

    类别序号挥发性成分保留时间(min)CAS编号相对含量(%)
    醇类1桉叶油醇10.5097470-82-65.88±0.04
    2顺-2-戊烯醇13.73991576-95-00.49±0.00
    3反-Α,Α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢化-2-呋喃甲醇16.943634995-77-21.29±0.04
    4芳樟醇19.617778-70-610.30±0.08
    5辛醇19.7819111-87-51.02±0.00
    64-松油醇20.7986562-74-32.03±0.02
    7二氢芳樟醇21.084529957-43-52.35±0.04
    82-甲基-2,4-戊二醇21.3387107-41-50.38±0.01
    9二甲基硅烷二醇22.03771066-42-80.61±0.00
    10糠醇22.238998-00-00.40±0.00
    11α-松油醇22.964410482-56-11.50±0.03
    122-苯基-2-丙醇24.3836617-94-70.21±0.00
    13橙花醇25.2891106-25-20.15±0.00
    14苯甲醇26.7983100-51-63.25±0.06
    15苯乙醇27.497260-12-82.23±0.02
    16反式-橙花叔醇30.229740716-66-30.25±0.00
    小计1632.34±0.14

    17异丙叉丙酮8.5769141-79-70.86±0.03
    18甲基庚烯酮14.227110-93-02.30±0.08
    195-乙基-6-甲基庚-3-烯-2-酮17.467857283-79-10.20±0.00
    20(3E,5E)-辛-3,5-二烯-2-酮20.014938284-27-40.40±0.01
    216-甲基-3,5-庚二烯-2-酮20.51261604-28-00.58±0.03
    22苯乙酮21.868398-86-20.33±0.01
    23茶香酮22.90091125-21-90.06±0.00
    24大马士酮25.691523726-93-40.14±0.00
    25香叶基丙酮26.4699689-67-80.69±0.05
    26β-紫罗兰酮28.063814901-07-60.90±0.03
    274-[2,2,6-三甲基-7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]庚-1-基]-3-丁烯-2-酮29.133523267-57-40.78±0.01
    283,4-脱氢-β-紫罗兰酮29.3031203-08-30.14±0.00
    294'-羟基-2'-甲基苯乙酮32.978875-59-20.21±0.00
    303-乙基-4-甲基-吡咯-2,5-二酮34.349520189-42-80.84±0.01
    31D-樟脑18.6381464-49-31.05±0.06
    小计159.48±0.20

    32壬醛15.715124-19-60.87±0.03
    33苯甲醛18.8817100-52-72.21±0.07
    34β-环柠檬醛21.1957432-25-70.93±0.02
    35藏红花醛21.7676116-26-73.48±0.12
    36桃醛29.8113104-67-60.06±0.00
    372,5-二甲基对苯二甲醛40.31217044-92-00.32±0.00
    小计67.87±0.12

    38乙酸芳樟酯19.8984115-95-70.43±0.03
    39水杨酸甲酯24.7595119-36-80.36±0.01
    40乙酸苯乙酯25.6333103-45-70.31±0.00
    412,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯27.02076846-50-00.57±0.01
    42三乙酸甘油酯31.0134102-76-10.22±0.00
    43邻苯二甲酸二甲酯34.8366131-11-31.25±0.04
    44二氢猕猴桃内酯35.323817092-92-13.78±0.17
    45邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯38.273384-69-50.09±0.00
    46邻苯二甲酸二丁酯38.273384-74-20.13±0.00
    小计97.14±0.15

    472-甲基己酸22.48254536-23-62.36±0.06
    48己酸26.2899142-62-16.62±0.14
    49反式-3-己烯酸27.82561577-18-00.62±0.02
    50庚酸28.5087111-14-80.78±0.00
    51辛酸30.6003124-07-20.37±0.00
    小计510.75±0.21

    524-乙基苯酚11.0445123-07-90.10±0.00
    533,5-二甲基苯酚11.8123108-68-91.44±0.08
    54苯酚29.4089108-95-20.25±0.00
    552,4-二叔丁基苯酚35.207396-76-45.28±0.03
    小计47.07±0.05




    56十三烷13.1891629-50-50.11±0.00
    57十二甲基环六硅氧烷14.5077540-97-63.46±0.12
    583-甲基十三烷14.98436418-41-30.14±0.00
    59正十五烷18.3945629-62-90.41±0.02
    60对伞花烃12.320799-87-60.05±0.00
    小计54.17±0.13


    612-甲基-1-乙烯基咪唑13.55452851-95-80.31±0.05
    622,6-二乙基吡嗪16.832413067-27-10.17±0.00
    63邻二氯苯17.976295-50-112.08±0.23
    64茶吡咯20.92042167-14-80.57±0.02
    65N-乙基琥珀酰亚胺26.88832314-78-50.53±0.00
    662-乙酰基吡咯28.68871072-83-91.82±0.03
    672,3-二氢苯并呋喃36.2505496-16-22.73±0.03
    68吲哚36.923120-72-90.41±0.01
    69N-(2-丙炔基)苯胺37.53214465-74-80.02±0.00
    70咖啡因38.458758-08-22.56±0.08
    小计1021.20±0.41
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-06-10
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-01-12
  • 刊出日期:  2023-03-01

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