SBSE-GC-MS分析不同等级宁红茶的差异香气成分

刘雅芳; 滕杰; 刘洋; 王敏; 陈勤操; 刘勇

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060067

SBSE-GC-MS分析不同等级宁红茶的差异香气成分

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060067

江西农业大学农学院，江西南昌 330045

基金项目: 江西省教育厅科技计划青年项目（GJJ190224）；江西省研究生创新专项（YC2021-S366）；江西省柑橘产业技术体系（JXARS-07）。

详细信息

作者简介:
刘雅芳（1998−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：茶叶加工与品质化学，E-mail：lyf2805101190@163.com

通讯作者:
陈勤操（1990−），男，博士，讲师，研究方向：茶叶加工与品质调控，E-mail：chenqincao@jxau.edu.cn

刘勇（1965−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：果树发育生物学研究，E-mail：liuyongjxau@163.com

中图分类号: Q571.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-10
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-01

SBSE-GC-MS Analysis the Differential Aroma Components of Ning Black Teas at Different Quality Levels

College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China

摘要

摘要: 宁红茶是我国最早的工夫红茶之一。为探究宁红茶的香气品质成分特征，本研究收集了不同等级（贡品、特级、一级）的宁红茶，采用国标法进行感官评价；再利用搅拌棒吸附萃取（SBSE）结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）进行香气成分检测，统计分析筛选出差异香气成分；最后利用偏最小二乘法回归分析（PLS-RA）明确对不同等级宁红茶香气品质具有重要影响的差异香气成分。感官结果表明，宁红茶等级越高，整体品质更好。三个等级宁红茶中共鉴定出142种香气成分，分为9个类别，其中酯类（41.29%）和醇类（30.03%）的相对含量较高；水杨酸甲酯（217.44‰）、芳樟醇（88.52‰）、香叶醇（65.54‰）、β-紫罗兰酮（56.07‰）、叶绿醇（52.72‰）和苯乙醛（41.04‰）等是相对含量较高的单个香气成分。Tukey s-b（K）方差分析得到69个极显著差异挥发性成分（P<0.01），其中α-荜澄茄油烯、芳樟醇、芳樟醇氧化物Ⅳ、月桂烯、橙花醇、橙花醛和反-β-罗勒烯等香气成分在贡品中相对含量较高，β-环柠檬醛、茶香螺烷、己酸苄酯和己酸香叶酯等在特级茶中相对含量较高，而叶绿醇、水杨酸苄酯、己酸反-2-己烯酯、癸酸乙酯和萘等在一级宁红茶中相对含量较高。PLS-RA结果进一步表明，月桂烯、别罗勒烯、赫伦醇、α-荜澄茄油烯、橙花醇和橙花醛等呈愉悦香味的香气成分与宁红茶香气得分呈显著正相关，而反式油酸甲酯、二苯并呋喃、新植二烯、叶绿醇、水杨酸苄酯和萘等呈不良香味的成分与宁红茶香气得分呈显著负相关。本文结果将深化宁红茶香气品质化学认知，为在加工实践中提高宁红茶的香气品质提供理论支撑。
- 宁红茶 /
- 香气 /
- 搅拌棒吸附萃取（SBSE） /
- 感官品质 /
- 气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS)
Abstract: Ning black tea is one of the earliest congou black teas in China. To investigate the aroma components of Ning black teas, different grades (tribute, special grade and first grade) of Ning black teas were collected and sensorily evaluated. Aroma components were analyzed by stirring bar adsorption extraction (SBSE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the differential aroma components were screened out via statistical analysis. Finally, partial least squares regression analysis (PLS-RA) was used to identify the key differential aroma components that have an important impact on the aroma quality of different grades of Ning black teas. The sensory evaluation result showed that the overall quality of Ning black tea increased with its grade. In total, 142 volatile components were identified, which were divided into 9 categories, mainly consisting of the esters (41.29%) and alcohols (30.03%). Methyl salicylate (217.44‰), linalool (88.52‰), geraniol (65.54‰), β-ionone (56.07‰), phytol (52.72‰), and phenyleacetaldehyde (41.04‰) amongst others were the main aroma components. A total of 69 volatile components showed extremely significant differences (P<0.01). Among them, the relative contents of α-cubebene, linalool, linalool oxides IV, β-myrcene, nerol, neral, and trans-β-ocimene amongst others, which mainly present pleasant sweet, floral, and fruity odors, were higher in the tribute grade of Ning black tea. The relative contents of β-cyclocitral, theaspirane, benzyl caproate and geranyl caproate amongst others were higher in the special grade of Ning black tea, and the relative contents of phytol, benzyl salicylate, trans-2-hexenyl caproate, ethyl decanoate and naphthalene amongst others were higher in the first grade of Ning black tea. PLS-RA further showed that pleasant aroma components such as β-myrcene, allo-ocimene, gleenol, α-cubebene, nerol and neral were significantly and positively correlated with the aroma scores of Ning black tea, while methyl trans-9-octadecenoate, dibenzofuran, neophytadiene, phytol, benzyl salicylate and naphthalene were significantly and negatively correlated with the aroma scores of Ning black tea. The results of this study contribute to elucidate the chemical basis of aroma quality of Ning black teas and provide a theoretical support for improving the aroma quality of Ning black tea in processing practice.
- Ning black tea /
- aroma /
- stir bar sorp-tive extraction (SBSE) /
- sensory qualities /
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

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图 1 不同等级宁红茶中不同类型香气组分的相对含量（%）

Figure 1. The relative contents of different kinds of volatile compounds in different grades of Ning black teas (%)

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图 2 三个等级宁红茶香气成分的多元统计分析图

Figure 2. Multivariate analysis of aroma components of three degrees of Ning black teas

注：A：香气成分PLS-DA图（R²X=0.363，R²Y=0.923，Q²=0.893）；B：香气成分PLS-DA验证模型（R²=0.214，Q²=−0.312）。

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图 3 不同等级宁红茶中差异香气成分含量热图

Figure 3. Heat map of the contents of significantly differential volatile compounds in different grades of Ning black teas

注：数据经过UV归一化处理；热图中颜色越红表示化合物含量越高，颜色越绿表示化合物含量越低。

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图 4 茶叶香气和差异化合物的偏最小二乘回归分析

Figure 4. Partial least-squares regression analysis of tea aroma and differential compounds

注：R²X=0.560，R²Y=0.906，Q²=0.479；X：差异化合物，Y：香气感官审评得分；数据经过UV归一化处理。

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表 1 宁红茶样品信息

Table 1. Sample information of Ning black teas

	鲜叶标准	时间	厂家	原料产地
贡品	芽头到一芽一叶初展	2020年3月	宁红集团	江西省九江市修水县义宁镇
特级	一芽一叶初展到一芽二叶初展	2020年4月	宁红集团	江西省九江市修水县义宁镇
一级	一芽二叶到一芽三叶	2020年4月	宁红集团	江西省九江市修水县义宁镇

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表 2 不同等级宁红茶感官评定结果

Table 2. Sensory evaluation of different grades of Ning black teas

编号	外形（25%）		汤色（10%）		香气（25%）		滋味（30%）		叶底（10%）		总分
编号	评语	评分	评语	评分	评语	评分	评语	评分	评语	评分	总分
贡品-1	乌黑、紧细、有毫	92.0	红浓、明亮	91.0	甜香、较高	91.5	醇厚、较甘鲜	91.5	细嫩、有芽、较红亮	92.0	91.6
贡品-2	乌黑、紧结、微有毫	91.0	红浓、明亮	91.0	甜香、较高	91.0	浓醇、略苦	90.5	细嫩、有芽、较红亮	92.0	91.0
贡品-3	乌润、较紧结、稍有毫	91.0	红艳、明亮	92.0	甜花香、较高	92.0	浓醇、甘鲜	91.5	肥嫩、有芽、较红亮	91.5	91.6
贡品-4	乌黑、紧细、有毫	91.5	红艳、明亮	92.0	甜香、尚高	90.5	醇厚、较甘鲜	91.0	较细嫩、有芽、尚红亮	91.0	91.1
特级-1	乌黑、较紧结	89.0	橙红、明亮	90.5	甜香、尚高	89.5	较醇厚、带涩	88.5	嫩、稍开张、较红	90.5	89.3
特级-2	乌黑稍润、紧细	90.0	橙红、较亮	90.0	甜香、微青、尚高	89.5	甘醇	90.5	较细嫩、尚红亮	91.0	90.1
特级-3	乌黑较润、紧实、微有毫	90.5	橙红、较亮	90.0	甜香、尚高	90.0	甘醇、稍淡	89.5	较嫩、尚红亮	91.0	90.1
一级-1	乌黑、紧实	89.0	橙红、较亮	90.0	甜香、略青、尚高	89.5	甘醇、稍淡	89.5	软、稍开张、较红	88.0	89.3
一级-2	乌黑、紧实	89.0	橙红、较亮	90.0	甜香、尚高	90.0	醇和	89.0	较软、稍开张、较红	87.0	89.2
一级-3	较乌、泛灰、较紧结	88.0	橙黄、较亮	89.0	甜花香、稍淡	88.0	甘醇	90.0	较软、稍开张、尚红	86.5	88.6

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表 3 不同等级宁红茶挥发性成分组成及相对含量

Table 3. The compositions and their relative contents of volatile compounds in different grades of Ning black teas

序号	化合物	CAS	RI	相对含量（‰）
序号	化合物	CAS	RI	贡品	特级	一级	平均
	烷烃类
1	异十二烷	13475-82-6	986	1.15±0.44^a	2.67±0.49^b	2.20±0.52^b	1.92±0.81
2	正癸烷	124-18-5	996	1.04±0.31^a	1.50±0.42^a	1.57±0.46^a	1.33±0.45
3	2,2,4,4-四甲基辛烷	62183-79-3	1025	0.10±0.05^a	0.20±0.04^b	0.19±0.06^b	0.16±0.07
4	十一烷	1120-21-4	1098	3.40±0.88^a	4.59±1.05^a	4.77±1.11^a	4.17±1.16
5	3-甲基十一烷	1002-43-3	1167	0.12±0.04^a	0.16±0.02^a	0.14±0.03^a	0.14±0.04
6	5-甲基十三烷	25117-31-1	1348	0.41±0.26^a	0.21±0.04^a	0.18±0.06^a	0.28±0.20
7	3-甲基十三烷	6418-41-3	1367	0.12±0.04^a	0.20±0.04^b	0.15±0.05^ab	0.15±0.05
8	十四烷	629-59-4	1396	0.90±0.19^a	1.52±0.13^b	0.97±0.41^a	1.10±0.38
9	壬基环戊烷	2882-98-6	1446	0.33±0.20^a	0.60±0.12^a	0.61±0.32^a	0.50±0.26
10	十五烷	629-62-9	1495	0.68±0.24^a	0.93±0.24^a	0.93±0.48^a	0.83±0.34
11	3-甲基十五烷	2882-96-4	1567	0.47±0.04^a	0.56±0.05^a	0.55±0.13^a	0.52±0.09
12	3-亚甲基十一烷	71138-64-2	1581	0.24±0.05^a	0.41±0.09^b	0.38±0.18^ab	0.33±0.14
13	正十六烷	544-76-3	1595	1.33±0.92^a	1.79±0.49^a	1.56±0.69^a	1.54±0.75
14	正十七烷	629-78-7	1693	0.86±0.64^a	1.19±0.65^a	0.91±0.50^a	0.97±0.60
15	3-甲基十七烷	6418-44-6	1765	0.10±0.04^a	0.13±0.04^a	0.14±0.10^a	0.12±0.06
16	正二十烷	112-95-8	1994	0.11±0.04^a	0.17±0.06^a	0.17±0.07^a	0.15±0.07
	烯烃类
17	α-蒎烯	80-56-8	931	0.29±0.09^a	0.20±0.15^a	0.22±0.13^a	0.24±0.13
18	月桂烯^*	123-35-3	988	15.68±2.66^b	13.55±3.36^b	7.82±2.36^a	12.68±4.31
19	柠檬烯	5989-27-5	1028	6.05±2.08^a	4.95±4.41^a	2.56±2.27^a	4.67±3.26
20	反-β-罗勒烯	3779-61-1	1035	0.63±0.11^c	0.39±0.09^b	0.19±0.09^a	0.43±0.21
21	γ-松油烯	99-85-4	1057	0.37±0.08^a	0.47±0.43^a	0.17±0.09^a	0.34±0.27
22	别罗勒烯	7216-56-0	1129	1.88±0.33^c	1.41±0.42^b	0.77±0.25^a	1.40±0.57
23	α-荜澄茄油烯	17699-14-8	1352	1.63±0.64^b	0.85±0.17^a	1.10±0.30^ab	1.24±0.55
24	3,5-二杜松烯	267665-20-3	1455	0.69±0.28^a	0.37±0.12^a	0.73±0.31^a	0.61±0.29
25	α-法呢烯	502-61-4	1506	0.46±0.17^a	0.57±0.26^a	0.39±0.19^a	0.47±0.21
26	去氢白菖烯	483-77-2	1528	3.57±0.37^b	1.19±0.19^a	1.46±0.30^a	2.22±1.16
27	荜澄茄油宁烯	29837-12-5	1538	0.52±0.14^b	0.23±0.10^a	0.30±0.04^a	0.37±0.16
28	α-二去氢菖蒲烯	21391-99-1	1549	1.80±0.49^b	0.64±0.09^a	0.71±0.17^a	1.12±0.64
29	新植二烯	504-96-1	1834	1.00±0.25^a	1.59±0.42^ab	1.93±0.78^b	1.46±0.63
	芳香烃类
30	甲苯	108-88-3	772	3.01±1.05^a	4.91±0.76^b	3.72±1.52^ab	3.79±1.36
31	邻二甲苯	95-47-6	892	0.38±0.26^a	0.20±0.04^a	0.34±0.25^a	0.31±0.22
32	邻-异丙基苯	527-84-4	1024	5.00±2.25^b	2.05±1.30^a	1.12±0.39^a	2.95±2.34
33	萘^*	91-20-3	1189	7.47±4.83^a	9.28±0.47^ab	14.53±5.60^b	10.13±5.17
34	1,6-二甲基萘	575-43-9	1426	0.39±0.12^a	0.51±0.24^a	0.62±0.24^a	0.49±0.21
35	1,2-二甲基萘	573-98-8	1462	0.22±0.14^a	0.22±0.09^a	0.33±0.16^a	0.25±0.13
	醇类
36	顺-3-己烯醇	928-96-1	853	3.28±0.79^a	8.16±2.30^b	3.87±2.30^a	4.92±2.80
37	反-2-己烯醇	928-95-0	865	2.11±1.07^a	3.33±1.64^a	3.62±1.06^a	2.93±1.40
38	正庚醇	111-70-6	968	0.67±0.43^a	0.52±0.34^a	0.84±0.48^a	0.67±0.42
39	仲辛醇	123-96-6	1000	2.51±1.17^a	3.54±1.47^a	3.61±1.22^a	3.15±1.34
40	反-脱水芳樟醇	54750-70-8	1005	0.13±0.07^a	0.15±0.11^a	0.07±0.01^a	0.12±0.08
41	芳樟醇氧化物Ⅰ^*	5989-33-3	1072	13.45±2.82^a	11.18±0.96^a	14.25±2.65^a	13.01±2.61
42	芳樟醇氧化物Ⅱ	34995-77-2	1089	0.68±0.49^a	0.30±0.18^a	0.25±0.18^a	0.43±0.39
43	芳樟醇^*	78-70-6	1107	99.07±12.11^b	96.89±8.39^b	66.08±9.84^a	88.52±18.05
44	苯乙醇	60-12-8	1123	19.31±10.11^a	16.06±2.21^a	12.19±5.77^a	16.20±7.64
45	正壬醇^*	143-08-8	1174	4.55±1.76^a	4.69±1.49^a	4.15±0.98^a	4.47±1.45
46	芳樟醇氧化物Ⅳ	39028-58-5	1180	5.65±2.37^a	2.81±1.35^a	3.47±2.13^a	4.14±2.35
47	α-松油醇	98-55-5	1200	3.18±0.98^a	2.46±1.46^a	2.32±1.22^a	2.70±1.23
48	橙花醇^*	106-25-2	1231	17.43±6.50^b	15.34±6.90^ab	8.39±5.27^a	14.09±7.21
49	香叶醇^*	106-24-1	1274	74.03±27.18^a	69.80±24.32^a	49.95±13.47^a	65.54±24.59
50	正癸醇	112-30-1	1280	0.33±0.15^a	0.73±0.19^b	0.56±0.24^ab	0.52±0.25
51	7,8-二氢-β-紫罗兰醇	3293-47-8	1447	0.15±0.11^a	0.51±0.03^b	0.23±0.06^a	0.28±0.17
52	月桂醇	112-53-8	1474	0.81±0.22^b	0.68±0.31^b	0.24±0.12^a	0.60±0.33
53	表卡巴醇	38230-60-3	1502	4.01±2.06^a	2.23±0.39^a	3.04±1.16^a	3.19±1.61
54	荜澄茄醇	23445-02-5	1522	2.43±1.06^a	1.39±0.24^a	1.83±0.55^a	1.94±0.85
55	橙花叔醇^*	40716-66-3	1566	6.96±0.77^b	5.89±0.34^a	6.96±0.46^b	6.64±0.75
56	赫伦醇	72203-99-7	1591	0.78±0.16^b	0.28±0.21^a	0.40±0.04^a	0.52±0.27
57	柏木脑	77-53-2	1613	3.45±2.93^b	0.72±0.11^a	0.75±0.35^a	1.82±2.26
58	依兰油-4,10（14）-二烯-1β-醇	257293-90-6	1635	0.46±0.08^b	0.22±0.03^a	0.24±0.03^a	0.32±0.13
59	表库贝醇	73365-77-2	1635	7.06±1.54^b	2.27±0.26^a	3.36±0.37^a	4.51±2.37
60	γ-桉叶油醇	1209-71-8	1639	0.59±0.52^b	0.09±0.06^a	0.23±0.05^ab	0.33±0.39
61	τ-杜松醇	5937-11-1	1649	0.93±0.30^b	0.24±0.03^a	0.44±0.05^a	0.58±0.35
62	τ-兰油醇	19912-62-0	1650	2.06±0.63^b	0.43±0.23^a	0.86±0.14^a	1.21±0.84
63	α-兰油醇	19435-97-3	1652	0.74±0.62^b	0.16±0.13^a	0.20±0.02^a	0.41±0.48
64	依兰烯醇	41610-69-9	1657	0.66±0.39^b	0.36±0.02^ab	0.25±0.16^a	0.45±0.31
65	α-杜松醇	481-34-5	1662	1.42±0.44^c	0.46±0.06^a	1.02±0.16^b	1.01±0.50
66	法呢醇	4602-84-0	1721	3.17±1.00^a	2.71±0.86^a	2.47±0.56^a	2.82±0.87
67	14-羟基-α-衣兰油烯	135118-51-3	1784	0.70±0.12^a	0.62±0.10^a	0.62±0.19^a	0.65±0.14
68	14-羟基-δ-杜松烯	135118-52-4	1786	0.25±0.10^b	0.13±0.03^a	0.09±0.06^a	0.17±0.10
69	叶绿醇^*	150-86-7	2114	28.68±13.65^a	47.45±10.85^a	90.04±29.68^b	52.72±32.03
	醛类
70	己醛^*	66-25-1	796	21.17±6.12^b	19.29±3.64^ab	13.82±2.72^a	18.40±5.46
71	异-2-己烯醛	6728-26-3	848	6.56±1.72^a	8.99±1.52^a	6.63±2.27^a	7.31±2.11
72	庚醛	111-71-7	899	2.97±0.75^a	3.19±0.45^a	2.64±0.35^a	2.94±0.59
73	苯甲醛	100-52-7	962	8.59±3.34^a	7.70±3.12^a	5.26±3.08^a	7.32±3.40
74	正辛醛	124-13-0	1001	0.25±0.06^a	0.24±0.04^a	0.23±0.06^a	0.24±0.05
75	苯乙醛^*	122-78-1	1047	49.77±22.37^a	30.77±5.89^a	39.67±13.61^a	41.04±17.76
76	壬醛	124-19-6	1107	0.50±0.21^a	0.38±0.20^a	0.53±0.16^a	0.47±0.20
77	反-2-壬烯醛	18829-56-6	1161	0.26±0.14^b	0.18±0.10^ab	0.09±0.06^a	0.19±0.13
78	藏红花醛	116-26-7	1205	1.16±0.58^a	1.46±0.27^a	0.87±0.33^a	1.17±0.48
79	β-环柠檬醛	432-25-7	1224	3.48±0.56^a	4.66±0.34^b	3.55±0.41^a	3.86±0.70
80	橙花醛	106-26-3	1243	2.57±0.67^b	2.12±0.37^b	1.14±0.46^a	2.01±0.80
81	香叶醛	141-27-5	1275	0.94±0.34^a	0.74±0.35^a	0.54±0.35^a	0.76±0.38
82	2-苯基-2-丁烯醛	4411-89-6	1282	2.52±1.77^a	1.77±0.52^a	2.61±0.69^a	2.32±1.24
83	2-十一烯醛	2463-77-6	1364	0.61±0.41^a	0.40±0.05^a	0.29±0.09^a	0.45±0.29
84	2-丁基-2-辛烯醛	13019-16-4	1373	0.55±0.32^b	0.28±0.14^ab	0.22±0.07^a	0.37±0.26
85	4-甲基-2-苯基-2-戊烯醛	26643-91-4	1376	0.93±0.58^a	0.58±0.22^a	0.82±0.46^a	0.79±0.47
86	可卡醛	21834-92-4	1492	0.48±0.33^a	0.35±0.12^a	0.44±0.23^a	0.43±0.25
87	3,5-二丁基-4-羟基甲苯醛	1620-98-0	1769	0.28±0.04^b	0.21±0.03^a	0.21±0.04^a	0.24±0.05
	酮类
88	2-庚酮	110-43-0	887	1.36±0.58^b	0.80±0.21^a	0.73±0.16^a	1.00±0.48
89	2,3-辛二酮	585-25-1	980	0.09±0.06^a	0.05±0.02^a	0.05±0.04^a	0.07±0.05
90	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮	110-93-0	984	2.29±0.75^b	2.73±0.44^b	1.18±0.51^a	2.09±0.86
91	2,2,6-三甲基环己酮	2408-37-9	1034	0.75±0.23^ab	0.94±0.16^b	0.65±0.09^a	0.77±0.21
92	3-辛烯-2-酮	1669-44-9	1038	1.28±0.63^b	0.47±0.46^a	0.65±0.21^ab	0.85±0.60
93	3,5-辛二烯-2-酮	30086-02-3	1073	1.49±0.85^a	2.82±1.43^a	1.93±1.07^a	2.02±1.21
94	6-甲基-5-乙基-3-庚烯-2-酮	57283-79-1	1147	1.34±0.56^a	0.77±0.24^a	0.92±0.28^a	1.04±0.47
95	3-十一酮	2216-87-7	1291	2.25±0.66^a	2.61±0.65^a	2.78±0.59^a	2.52±0.66
96	大马士酮	23726-93-4	1387	2.60±2.01^a	0.89±0.14^a	1.53±0.73^a	1.76±1.49
97	顺-茉莉酮	488-10-8	1405	10.27±6.67^a	5.58±1.99^a	7.19±4.32^a	7.94±5.22
98	α-紫罗兰酮	127-41-3	1430	3.10±1.09^a	2.88±0.25^a	2.82±0.20^a	2.95±0.70
99	香叶基丙酮	3796-70-1	1452	1.90±0.54^a	3.17±0.88^b	1.81±0.30^a	2.26±0.85
100	3,4-脱氢-β-紫罗兰酮	1203-08-3	1487	2.71±1.79^a	1.58±0.20^a	1.09±0.49^a	1.89±1.34
101	β-紫罗兰酮^*	14901-07-6	1490	55.2±9.99^a	57.43±4.71^a	55.88±5.57^a	56.07±7.31
102	植酮	502-69-2	1841	0.84±0.33^a	0.84±0.22^a	0.92±0.28^a	0.86±0.28
	酯类
103	己酸甲酯	106-70-7	921	0.99±0.34^a	0.98±0.40^a	0.61±0.27^a	0.87±0.37
104	顺-3-己烯酸丁酯	16491-36-4	1184	7.09±2.96^a	11.75±3.47^b	6.12±2.68^a	8.20±3.79
105	反-2-己烯酸丁酯	53398-83-7	1196	0.16±0.10^a	0.23±0.07^a	0.20±0.10^a	0.20±0.10
106	水杨酸甲酯^*	119-36-8	1203	209.49±46.29^a	216.41±18.24^a	229.07±60.50^a	217.44±44.53
107	异戊酸顺-3-己烯酯	35154-45-1	1230	10.07±3.77^a	13.18±2.37^a	8.84±2.67^a	10.64±3.47
108	甲酸香叶酯	105-86-2	1302	6.11±2.76^a	5.76±0.53^a	2.92±1.24^b	5.05±2.33
109	香叶酸甲酯	1189-09-9	1324	2.90±0.71^a	2.44±0.85^a	1.92±0.79^a	2.47±0.86
110	苯甲酸异丁酯	120-50-3	1331	0.81±0.39^a	0.83±0.30^a	0.62±0.27^a	0.76±0.33
111	己酸顺-3-己烯酯^*	31501-11-8	1379	21.3±5.37^a	32.37±14.73^a	25.64±5.83^a	25.92±10.09
112	乙酸香叶酯	105-87-3	1381	1.57±0.75^b	0.68±0.26^a	0.43±0.15^a	0.96±0.71
113	己酸己酯	6378-65-0	1383	2.32±0.78^a	1.93±0.65^a	2.58±1.19^a	2.28±0.90
114	己酸反-2-己烯酯	53398-86-0	1386	6.38±2.98^a	5.11±1.65^a	10.43±2.28^b	7.21±3.23
115	癸酸乙酯	110-38-3	1392	2.65±0.74^a	1.83±1.08^a	4.36±0.86^b	2.92±1.33
116	丁酸苯乙酯	103-52-6	1442	2.40±0.57^b	2.92±0.69^b	1.36±0.28^a	2.24±0.82
117	月桂酸甲酯	111-82-0	1521	1.07±0.91^a	1.58±0.89^a	1.12±0.68^a	1.24±0.84
118	二氢猕猴桃内酯	17092-92-1	1541	5.81±3.97^a	5.55±0.58^a	4.51±0.39^a	5.34±2.53
119	己酸苄酯	6938-45-0	1545	0.82±0.20^a	2.02±0.42^b	0.67±0.19^a	1.14±0.65
120	苯甲酸顺-3-己烯酯	25152-85-6	1574	5.90±2.49^a	5.77±1.23^a	4.30±2.12^a	5.38±2.13
121	苯甲酸己酯	6789-88-4	1580	1.20±0.78^a	0.95±0.88^a	0.84±0.59^a	1.02±0.76
122	苯甲酸反-2-己烯酯	76841-70-8	1587	3.04±1.11^a	2.47±1.09^a	3.71±1.54^a	3.07±1.30
123	己酸2-苯乙酯	6290-37-5	1643	3.95±0.43^b	4.83±0.77^b	2.87±0.97^a	3.89±1.05
124	水杨酸叶醇酯	65405-77-8	1672	0.90±0.31^a	0.83±0.17^a	0.87±0.29^a	0.87±0.26
125	十四酸甲酯	124-10-7	1720	7.80±6.99^a	11.57±6.84^a	7.59±5.44^a	8.87±6.54
126	己酸香叶酯	10032-02-7	1749	0.55±0.23^a	1.17±0.11^b	0.34±0.16^a	0.67±0.38
127	苯甲酸苄酯	120-51-4	1772	0.86±0.40^a	0.65±0.26^a	0.81±0.38^a	0.79±0.36
128	水杨酸苄酯	118-58-1	1881	15.66±6.25^a	9.23±0.97^a	26.22±7.97^b	16.9±8.86
129	顺-11-十六碳烯酸甲酯	822-05-9	1900	0.18±0.08^a	0.27±0.11^a	0.20±0.06^a	0.21±0.09
130	棕榈酸甲酯	112-39-0	1922	25.55±16.00^a	38.85±15.43^a	27.29±12.45^a	30.06±15.50
131	水杨酸苯乙酯	87-22-9	1969	1.18±0.49^a	0.75±0.23^a	0.87±0.18^a	0.96±0.39
132	2,6-二羟基苯甲酸苄酯	85985-75-7	2057	29.21±10.74^a	17.61±1.92^a	54.77±31.05^b	33.40±23.18
133	亚油酸甲酯	112-63-0	2092	1.29±0.16^a	2.24±0.22^b	2.15±0.76^b	1.84±0.62
134	反式油酸甲酯	1937-62-8	2098	0.07±0.03^a	0.13±0.04^b	0.14±0.04^b	0.11±0.05
135	亚麻酸甲酯	301-00-8	2099	2.83±0.52^a	5.10±0.53^b	4.67±0.89^b	4.06±1.21
136	硬脂酸甲酯	112-61-8	2123	0.63±0.28^a	1.06±0.33^b	0.84±0.29^ab	0.82±0.34
	杂环化合物
137	2-正戊基呋喃	3777-69-3	989	1.47±1.28^a	1.15±0.81^a	0.69±0.62^a	1.14±1.01
138	茶吡咯	2167-14-8	1051	4.88±2.60^b	2.49±0.46^a	0.80±0.36^a	2.94±2.39
139	茶香螺烷	36431-72-8	1304	1.53±0.74^a	3.50±0.67^b	1.97±0.64^a	2.25±1.08
140	二苯并呋喃	132-64-9	1525	3.53±2.26^a	6.41±1.33^ab	11.58±7.12^b	6.81±5.29
	酚类
141	2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚	128-37-0	1514	2.95±0.98^a	2.55±0.82^a	3.39±1.02^a	2.96±0.97
142	2,4-二叔丁基苯酚	96-76-4	1516	37.78±8.23^a	44.85±9.15^a	40.69±5.94^a	40.77±8.21
注：数据为平均值±标准差（n=3）；使用Tukey s-b（K）法检测，同行不同小写字母（a，b，c）表示差异极显著（P<0.01）；^*表示经标准品验证。

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表 4 不同等级宁红茶中高相对含量香气成分（≥10‰）及其气味特征

Table 4. The volatile compounds with relatively high contents (≥10 ‰) in Ning black tea samples and their odor characteristics

序号	化合物名称	气味特征
1	水杨酸甲酯	薄荷、冬青叶^[17]
2	芳樟醇	铃兰香、玉兰花香、玫瑰花香^[15]
3	香叶醇	玫瑰花香、蔷薇香^[15]
4	β-紫罗兰酮	花香、玫瑰香、果香^[7]
5	叶绿醇	草香、清香^[15]
6	苯乙醛	清香、玫瑰、花香、巧克力香气^[15]
7	2,4-二叔丁基苯酚	类似苯酚的气味^[15]
8	2,6-二羟基苯甲酸苄酯	—
9	棕榈酸甲酯	轻微果香^[15]
10	己酸顺-3-己烯酯	强烈弥散性梨香^[15]
11	己醛	强烈的青草、蔬菜、水果香^[27]
12	水杨酸苄酯	—
13	苯乙醇	玫瑰香^[15]
14	橙花醇	木香、玫瑰香、甜香^[8]
15	芳樟醇氧化物Ⅰ	焦糖香、甜香^[7]
16	月桂烯	花香、柠檬香、木香^[17]
17	异戊酸顺-3-己烯酯	清香、花果香^[28]
18	萘	特殊强烈的焦油味^[26]
19	顺-3-己烯酸丁酯	清香、果香、草药味^[7]
20	顺-茉莉酮	花香、甜香^[26]
21	己酸反-2-己烯酯	清香、果香^[8]
22	二苯并呋喃	—
注： “—”表示未查到该化合物的香气特征。

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