Effect of Ultra-high Pressure on the Quality Properties of Shrimp Slips Prepared Dishes
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摘要: 为探究超高压(ultra-high pressure,UHP)处理对虾滑品质特性的影响 , 以对虾虾滑为研究对象,考察了不同压力(200~400 MPa)和保压时间(5~20 min)对虾滑色泽、持水性、蒸煮得率、凝胶强度、质构特性和感官特性的影响。结果表明:不同压力和保压时间对虾滑的亮度值(L*)和白度值(W)影响不大,而红度值(a*)均较对照组显著降低,黄度值(b*)均增大。不同压力和保压时间对虾滑的持水性和蒸煮得率影响不同,但均在200 MPa下保压10 min时达到最大值,分别为84.17%和92.80%。与对照组相比,在不同压力和保压时间下,虾滑的凝胶强度、硬度、咀嚼性和弹性均降低,而内聚性无显著变化。感官评价结果表明超高压处理对虾滑的感官特性无负面影响,且在200 MPa下保压10 min的虾滑总体可接受性最接近对照组。因此,对虾滑进行200 MPa超高压处理10 min,可有效改善虾滑产品的蒸煮得率和质构特性。该结果为超高压技术在虾滑制品的开发中提供理论依据。Abstract: To explore the effects of ultra-high pressure treatment (UHP) on the quality properties of shrimp slides, the color, water holding capacity, cooking yield, gel strength, texture properties and sensory characteristics of shrimp slides were investigated when treated by different pressure (200~400 MPa) and holding time (5~20 min). The results illustrated that the brightness (L*) and whiteness (W) of shrimp slides were not significantly affected by the different pressures and holding times, whereas the redness (a*) decreased significantly and the yellowness (b*) increased compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the water holding capacity and cooking yield of shrimp slides were affected by the different pressures and holding times, and the maximum values of both properties reached to 84.17% and 92.80% when treated for 10 min under 200 MPa pressure, respectively. Compared to the control group, the gel strength, hardness, chewiness, and springiness of the shrimp slides decreased when pressure and holding time increased, while the cohesiveness did not change significantly. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the UHP treatment had no negative impact on the sensory properties of shrimp slides, and the overall acceptability of shrimp slides held at 200 MPa for 10 min was closest to that of the control group. Therefore, the cooking yield and texture characteristics of shrimp slips products could be improved upon UHP treatment at 200 MPa for 10 min. It is expected that this study will provide a theoretical basis for the development of shrimp slippery products.
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Key words:
- ultra-high pressure /
- shrimp slips /
- quality properties /
- prepared dishes
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表 1 虾滑感官评价标准
Table 1. Criteria for sensory evaluation of shrimp slips
评价指标 评分标准 得分 色泽 柔和均匀的虾红色 7~9 虾红色一般,轻微偏白色 5~6 轻微虾红色,基本偏白灰色 3~4 几乎无虾红色,颜色暗淡 1~2 气味 基本无腥味,有浓厚的虾鲜味 7~9 轻微腥味,虾鲜味较浓 5~6 少许腥味,虾鲜味较淡 3~4 腥味较浓,无虾鲜味 1~2 弹性 中指稍微按压凹陷但不破裂,松开恢复原状 7~9 中指需用力按压凹陷不破裂,松开恢复原状 5~6 中指用力压后破裂 3~4 中指稍微按压后破裂、松散 1~2 组织表面和
切面状态表面光滑,无气孔,结构紧密均匀,不散落;切面无较大气孔,有微小气孔 7~9 表面光滑,有小气孔,结构较均匀紧密,虾滑轻微散落;切面无大气孔,有少量小孔 5~6 表面光滑,有大气孔,结构较松散,虾滑部分散落;切面有大气孔 3~4 表面粗糙,有空洞,结构松散,几乎不成型;切面呈浆状,松软 1~2 质地与口感 咀嚼无砂状感和残留,口感细腻 7~9 咀嚼无砂状感和残留,口感较细腻 5~6 咀嚼略有砂状感和残留,口感较粗糙 3~4 咀嚼有砂状感和残留,口感粗糙 1~2 总体可接受性 乐意接受,可接受度高 7~9 可以接受,可接受度较高 5~6 一般接受,可接受度一般 3~4 不乐意接受,可接受度低 1~2 表 2 不同压力处理和保压时间对虾滑色泽的影响
Table 2. Effects of different pressure treatments and holding time on the color of shrimp slips
组别 L* a* b* W 对照组 53.27±0.44bB 3.09±0.89aA 4.17±0.47bB 52.98±0.42bB UHP-200 53.68±0.16b 1.84±0.09b 4.28±0.11b 53.45±0.15b UHP-300 53.56±0.20b 1.52±0.14b 4.85±0.12a 53.29±0.18b UHP-400 54.32±0.29a 1.22±0.81b 5.29±0.27a 54.00±0.32a UHP-5 51.68±0.53C 1.68±0.27B 4.26±0.14B 51.46±0.54C UHP-10 53.68±0.16AB 1.84±0.09B 4.28±0.11B 53.45±0.15AB UHP-15 53.95±0.08A 1.93±0.19B 4.79±0.13A 53.67±0.07A UHP-20 54.09±0.13A 1.84±0.09B 4.82±0.09A 53.80±0.12A 注:同列不同小写字母和大写字母分别表示不同压力和不同保压时间的结果差异显著(P<0.05),表3~表6同。 表 3 不同压力处理和保压时间对虾滑持水性的影响
Table 3. Effects of different pressure treatments and holding time on the water-holding capacity of shrimp slips
组别 持水性(%) 对照组 81.94±0.92abAB UHP-200 84.17±1.33a UHP-300 80.28±2.48b UHP-400 79.98±1.42b UHP-5 78.72±2.19C UHP-10 84.17±1.33A UHP-15 82.02±1.82AB UHP-20 80.50±1.10BC 表 4 不同压力处理和保压时间对虾滑蒸煮得率的影响
Table 4. Effects of different pressure treatments and holding time on the cooking yield of shrimp slips
组别 蒸煮得率(%) 对照组 91.19±1.94aAB UHP-200 92.80±1.82a UHP-300 85.47±1.50b UHP-400 83.07±0.77b UHP-5 90.48±2.72AB UHP-10 92.80±1.82A UHP-15 89.04±3.08AB UHP-20 87.22±1.76B 表 5 不同压力处理和保压时间对虾滑凝胶强度的影响
Table 5. Effects of different pressure treatments and holding time on the gel strength of shrimp slips
组别 凝胶强度(%) 对照组 2.93±0.11aA UHP-200 2.76±0.17ab UHP-300 2.57±0.21bc UHP-400 2.44±0.06c UHP-5 2.55±0.16AB UHP-10 2.76±0.17A UHP-15 2.41±0.06B UHP-20 2.39±0.18B 表 6 不同压力处理和保压时间对虾滑质构特性的影响
Table 6. Effects of different pressure treatments and holding time on the texture characteristics of shrimp slips
组别 硬度(N) 弹性(mm) 咀嚼性(mJ) 内聚性 粘性(N) 对照组 21.08±2.51aA 86.00±5.97aA 15.17±1.74aA 5.59±0.20aB 0.72±0.01aBC UHP-200 14.06±0.51b 54.30±2.23b 9.39±0.42b 5.92±0.22a 0.67±0.03b UHP-300 13.27±1.33b 52.16±4.44b 8.89±0.92b 5.83±0.14a 0.68±0.03ab UHP-400 13.15±0.13b 48.35±0.98b 8.63±0.03b 5.70±0.26a 0.67±0.02b UHP-5 10.92±1.92C 51.31±4.38B 9.02±1.68B 5.66±0.47B 0.84±0.02A UHP-10 14.06±0.51B 54.30±2.23B 9.39±0.42B 5.92±0.22B 0.67±0.03D UHP-15 11.96±0.46BC 52.41±4.98B 8.73±0.19B 6.09±0.22B 0.73±0.02B UHP-20 12.24±0.85BC 54.46±1.93B 8.30±0.92B 7.37±0.46A 0.69±0.03BC -
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