Effect of Desiccant on the Quality of Prunus domestica L. under Hot Air Condition
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摘要: 本研究以西梅为试材，通过自配促干剂（88%碳酸钾、8%乙醇、3%油酸乙酯、1%氢氧化钾）与市售促干剂（绿珠牌、伊兹木牌、新兴牌、翠绿牌促干剂）处理西梅，探究促干剂对果干失水率、果干产品质量、理化特征等的影响。结果表明，自配促干剂与市售促干剂相比，在果干脱水方面具有明显优势，相同条件下自配促干剂处理的果实失水最快，最高可达26.25%；此外，不同促干剂处理西梅后果实的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量均有明显增加，自配促干剂处理的效果优于翠绿促干剂；在质构特征方面，干制后的西梅硬度和咀嚼性均有增加，但是自配促干剂处理的西梅干硬度最小，为1034.62 g，弹性和咀嚼性居中，可以给消费者带来较佳的口感；利用自配促干剂处理的西梅干，抗坏血酸、总酚、总黄酮损失最小，分别为25.48 mg/100 g DW、358.54 mg GAE/g、3.61 mg/g；同时DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基清除能力较高，分别为79.75%、66.79%。综上所述，自配促干剂可以加速西梅的脱水，同时对西梅干的品质具有一定的有保护作用，该研究成果将为西梅干的生产提供指导。Abstract: This study used prunus (Prunus domestica L.) as the test material, self-made desiccant (88% potassium carbonate, 8% ethanol, 3% ethyl oleate, 1% potassium hydroxide) and commercial desiccants (Lüzhu brand, Izumi brand, Xinxing brand and Cuilü brand) were used to treat prunus, and the effects of desiccants on the water loss rate, quality and physical and chemical characteristics of dried fruits were investigated. Results showed that the self-made desiccant had obvious advantages over the commercially available desiccants in the dehydration of dried fruits, and under the same conditions, the fruit dehydrated by self-made desiccant was the fastest, up to 26.25%. In addition, the content of soluble solids and titratable acid in prunes treated with different desiccants increased obviously, and the effect of self-made desiccant was better than that of Cuilü desiccants. As for texture characteristics, the hardness and chewiness of dried prunes were increased, but the hardness of dried prunes treated with self-made desiccant was the lowest, which was 1034.62 g, and its elasticity and chewiness were in the middle, which could bring better taste to consumers. The loss of ascorbic acid, total phenols and total flavonoids in dried prunes treated with self-made desiccant was the lowest, which were 25.48 mg/100 g DW, 358.54 mg GAE/g and 3.61 mg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the scavenging capacity of DPPH and ABTS+ free radical in prunes treated with self-made desiccant was 79.75% and 66.79% respectively. To sum up, the self-made desiccant can accelerate the dehydration of prunes, and at the same time have a certain protective effect on the quality of prunes. The research results will provide guidance for the production of prunes.
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Key words:
- Prunus domestica L. /
- desiccant /
- hot air drying /
- drying process /
- quality
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图 1 不同促干剂对西梅失水率的影响
Figure 1. Effects of different desiccants on water loss of Prunus domestica L.
图 3 不同促干剂处理对西梅可滴定酸含量的影响
Figure 3. Effects of different desiccants on titratable acid content of Prunus domestica L.
图 4 不同促干剂对西梅抗坏血酸含量的影响
Figure 4. Effect of different desiccants on the content of ascorbic acid in Prunus domestica L.
表 1 干燥处理后西梅果实颜色参数的变化
Table 1. Changes of color parameters of Prunus domestica L. fruit after drying
组别 L* a* b* △E 新鲜 28.45±1.57a 9.53±2.53a 2.48±1.22a 对照 25.37±0.36b 3.11±1.56b 1.95±0.93a 7.18±1.57a 绿珠 23.54±2.30b 3.63±0.96b 2.09±0.50a 7.77±2.11a 伊兹木 25.47±1.89b 4.61±3.34b 2.84±1.69a 6.41.±2.42a 新兴 24.48±1.48b 2.60±0.97b 1.65±0.70a 8.10±1.41a 翠绿 23.82±1.76b 4.02±1.21b 2.26±0.90a 7.29±1.84a 自配 23.58±1.61b 2.91±0.09b 1.96±1.02a 8.34±1.00a 注：同列小写字母不同表示显著性差异（P<0.05），表2、表3同。 
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表 2 不同促干剂对西梅质构特性的影响
Table 2. Effects of different desiccants on the texture characteristics of Prunus domestica L.
组别 硬度（g） 弹性（mm） 咀嚼性（g） 新鲜 603.25±66.74e 0.87±0.08a 202.37±20.44b 对照 1296.44±146.74bc 0.51±0.07b 272.76±45.81ab 绿珠 1147.67±244.18c 0.62±0.05ab 216.04±13.03b 伊兹木 1206.90±139.82c 0.60±0.01ab 244.44±28.25ab 新兴 1342.21±142.57b 0.54±0.10b 286.55±15.62ab 翠绿 1407.44±325.87a 0.58±0.04b 348.11±30.84a 自配 1034.62±24.38cd 0.56±0.01b 267.57±18.06ab
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表 3 不同促干剂对西梅总酚、类黄酮及抗氧化能力的影响
Table 3. Effects of different desiccants on total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of Prunus domestica L.
组别 总酚（mg GAE/g） 类黄酮（mg/g） DPPH（%） ABTS（%） 新鲜 430.19±5.69a 3.78±0.09a 88.80±2.60a 77.39±1.63a 对照 307.96±5.67e 2.78±0.08d 71.30±0.18e 61.27±1.99c 绿珠 344.80±8.8c 2.31±0.08f 76.82±1.53c 51.15±0.87d 伊兹木 323.07±8.52d 3.32±0.04c 74.74±0.09d 58.58±3.39c 新兴 350.60±4.21bc 3.42±0.09c 77.05±1.27bc 46.10±0.54e 翠绿 330.23±6.66d 2.55±0.06e 75.02±1.27cd 51.15±0.87d 自配 358.54±8.94b 3.61±0.03b 79.75±1.20b 66.79±3.76b
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