Research Progress on Chemical Modification Methods of Polysaccharides and Their Biological Activity
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摘要: 多糖属于生物大分子，其生物活性取决于结构及理化性质。研究表明，多糖的化学修饰可以使其结构多样性显著增加，提高生物活性，甚至增加新的生物活性。本文系统综述了近年来化学修饰多糖的研究进展，包括常用的化学修饰方法、各类化学修饰对多糖分子量、理化特性或空间结构的影响、化学修饰多糖的生物活性以及化学修饰多糖在医药和食品工业中的应用前景及挑战，以期为化学修饰多糖的深入研究提供参考建议，同时为未来基于人类健康的食品医药开发提供重要的依据。Abstract: Polysaccharides are biological macromolecules and their biological activities depend on their structure and physicochemical properties. Studies have shown that chemical modification of polysaccharides can significantly increase their structural diversity, improve their biological activities, and even add new biological activities. This article reviews systematacially the research progress of chemical modification of polysaccharides in recent years, including frequently-used methods of chemical modification, the influence of various chemical modification on molecular weight of polysaccharides, physical and chemical properties and spatial structure, the biological activity of chemically modified polysaccharides as well as their pharmaceutical and food industrial application prospect and challenges. It is expected to offer a reference for the further research chemically modified polysaccharides and provide an important basis for the future development of food and medicine based on human health.
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Key words:
- polysaccharide /
- chemical modification /
- biological activity /
- structure /
- physicochemical property
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图 6 2013~2022年化学修饰多糖生物活性中文论文发表数量
Figure 6. Number of Chinese papers on bioactivity of chemically modified polysaccharides published in 2013~2022
图 7 2013~2022年多糖化学修饰国内外论文发表数量
Figure 7. Number of papers published on chemical modification of polysaccharides at home and abroad in 2013~2022
表 1 多糖的化学修饰方法
Table 1. Chemical modification methods of polysaccharides
化学修饰方式 化学修饰方法 硫酸化修饰 氯磺酸-吡啶法，硫酸法和三氧化硫-吡啶法 羧甲基化修饰 溶媒法和水媒法 乙酰化修饰 乙酸酐法、吡啶-乙酸酐法、DMF-乙酸酐法 硒化修饰 冰醋酸-亚硒酸钠法、冰醋酸-硒酸法、
硝酸-亚硒酸盐法、氯氧化硒法磷酸化修饰 三氯氧磷法、磷酸盐法、磷酸及其酸酐法、
五氧化二磷法去硫酸化修饰 碱水解、酸水解、甲醇解 去乙酰化修饰 乙酸酐法、吡啶-乙酸酐法、DMF-乙酸酐法 与金属离子络合 配位离子与适宜浓度多糖溶液（NaOH调节pH）络合 烷基化修饰 引入烷基、取代烷基修饰、使用烷化剂 磺酰化修饰 磺酰基团与多糖中羟基反应 苯甲酰化修饰 苯甲酰化试剂与多糖中羟基发生酯化反应 
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