Abstract: Rapid detection technology developed rapidly due to its simple operation and ability to quickly detect test results. This paper reviews the types and negative effects of veterinary drug residues commonly found in poultry tissues and eggs. The pros and cons of various rapid detection techniques are compared from the point of view of their practical application. The future development trends and application values of detection techniques (e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, colloidal gold immunochromatography, biochip technology, chemiluminescent immunoassay, biosensor, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy) in poultry tissues and eggs are discussed. Finally, the development of new functional materials (e.g., nucleic acid aptamers, affinity bodies, and genetically engineered antibodies) is proposed to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of rapid detection technology through the fusion of modern network technology with various detection technologies. The goal is to improve the applications and effects of rapid detection technology in poultry food safety management and to provide new ideas for the evaluation, detection, and supervision of veterinary drug residues.