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中国精品科技期刊2020
聂嘉文,吴雨青,陈雨琴,等. 咸蛋清凝胶性能改良及其在咸蛋清香干加工中的应用[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(17):251−262. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022110122.
引用本文: 聂嘉文,吴雨青,陈雨琴,等. 咸蛋清凝胶性能改良及其在咸蛋清香干加工中的应用[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(17):251−262. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022110122.
NIE Jiawen, WU Yuqing, CHEN Yuqin, et al. Improvement of the Gel Properties of Salted Egg White and Its Application in the Processing of Dried Salted-Egg-White Curd[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(17): 251−262. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022110122.
Citation: NIE Jiawen, WU Yuqing, CHEN Yuqin, et al. Improvement of the Gel Properties of Salted Egg White and Its Application in the Processing of Dried Salted-Egg-White Curd[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(17): 251−262. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022110122.

咸蛋清凝胶性能改良及其在咸蛋清香干加工中的应用

Improvement of the Gel Properties of Salted Egg White and Its Application in the Processing of Dried Salted-Egg-White Curd

  • 摘要: 咸蛋清富含蛋白质,可作为香干加工的原料,但其形成凝胶的能力较弱,如不经改良、直接加热成型制作香干,产品硬度低、品质较差。本文在研究咸蛋清凝胶性能的基础上,通过配方和工艺优化,改善了产品的凝胶质构和品质,建立了免卤制、直接加热成型的咸蛋清香干加工工艺,同时对优化条件下所加工产品的质构特性、感官品质、含水量、持水率及微观结构等进行了全面的表征。结果表明,加热成型温度和时间对香干的外观形态、硬度、弹性和内聚力影响显著,80 ℃下加热2.5 h效果较好;添加新鲜全蛋液和蛋清粉能显著提升咸蛋清香干的凝胶性能和质构;适量的黄豆粉、咸蛋黄和卤汁能显著改善香干的风味和口感;通过混料设计试验优化后的香干配方如下:咸蛋清61.49%、新鲜全蛋液30.75%、蛋清粉5.00%、黄豆粉2.00%、咸蛋黄0.76%、卤汁添加量2.0%。优化条件下加工的香干感官评分高达96.80,持水率达到了90.84%,硬度、弹性和内聚力分别为2711.30 g、0.85和0.68,质地较为致密、细腻,色泽光亮。综上所述,本文通过配方优化显著改善了咸蛋清的凝胶性能,据此所建立的咸蛋清香干加工工艺可行,所加工的产品品质优良。

     

    Abstract: Salted egg white is rich in protein and can be used as material for the processing of dried curd. However, its ability to form a gel is weak, which may lead to a low hardness and poor quality in the dried curd production. Therefore, the unimproved salted egg white is not suitable for dried curd processing by a direct heating method. In the present paper, based on the analysis of the gel properties of salted egg white, the texture and quality of dried salted-egg-white curd were significantly improved through the optimization of process formulation and parameters, and a heat-induced solidification process technology of dried curd with brining procedure not included was successfully established, meanwhile a comprehensive characterization of the texture, sensory quality, water content, water holding capacity and microstructure of the products processed under the optimized conditions was also carried out. The results showed that the heating temperature and time had significant effects on the appearance, hardness, springiness and cohesiveness of dried curd, and 80 ℃ and 2.5 h were the preferred heating temperature and time. The addition of fresh whole egg liquid and egg white powder significantly improved the gel properties and texture of dried curd, while the appropriate additions of soybean flour, salted egg yolk and brine solution markedly ameliorated the flavor and texture. The optimized formulation obtained by mix design experiment was as follows: salted egg white 61.49%, fresh whole egg liquid 30.75%, egg white powder 5.00%, soybean flour 2.00%, salted egg yolk 0.76% and brine solution 2.0%. The dried curd produced under the optimized parameters showed a high sensory score of 96.80, a strong water holding capacity of 90.84%, a dense and fine texture and bright color, of which the hardness, springiness and cohesiveness were 2711.30 g, 0.85 and 0.68, respectively. In summary, the gelation capacity of salted egg white was significantly improved through formulation optimization, and the established process technology of dried salted-egg-white curd was practicable, under which the products showed an outstanding quality.

     

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