Abstract: Animals have long been a rich and invaluable source of bioactive peptides, of which animal protein-derived immunomodulatory peptides have the advantages of high safety, low allergenicity and low cost, and play an irreplaceable role in human health and disease prevention. The immunomodulatory activities of peptides are related to amino acid composition, sequence and peptide chain length. In recent years, many new advances have been made around the study of immunomodulatory components and bioactivities related to animal protein sources, but few teams have introduced and summarized the immunomodulatory peptides in detail. In this review, the structure-effect relationships and mechanism of action of animal protein-derived immunomodulatory peptides in recent years are reviewed, the characteristics of immunomodulatory peptides from different animal protein sources are summarized, and the future research and development trend of animal protein-derived immunomodulatory peptides are prospected, which might contribute to further research and development of animal protein-derived immunomodulatory peptides.