Abstract: Oilseeds serve as a vital source of fats, proteins, and natural active ingredients, and effective drying and storage are critical for their secure supply. Radio frequency heating technology, with its advantages of deep penetration, rapid heating, is widely used in the field of oilseed drying and storage. This article first introduces the basic principles of radio frequency heating technology and its application advantages in the field of drying and storage. It also analyzes the factors affecting radio frequency heating of oilseeds. Secondly, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the application of radio frequency heating technology in oilseed drying, pest control, sterilization and toxin degradation in recent years, highlighting that the main technical challenge remained the issue of uneven heating. The article suggests that future research should encompass the entire oilseed industry chain to explore radio frequency combined heating methods, to understand the impact of radio frequency heating on the intrinsic quality of oilseeds, and to clarify the mechanisms behind pest and mold control. Finally, it reviews the research progress of simulation analysis in improving the uniformity of radio frequency heating of oilseeds, revealing the laws of mass and heat transfer and the dynamics in pests and molds during radio frequency treatment. It is points out that future research should expand the scope of oilseed studies. While focusing on improving the uniformity of radio frequency heating, more emphasis should be placed on the simulation analysis of pest and mold eradication by radio frequency heating, and the optimization of the eradication process. This will provide theoretical support for improving the industrial application of radio frequency heating technology in the field of oilseed drying and storage.