Abstract: Fluorescence visualization technology based on noble metal nanoclusters shows wide applications in food safety testing owing to its unique optical properties and highly sensitive detection ability. This study systematically reviews and analyzes the latest research progress in this field, including the classification of noble metal nanoclusters and their synthesis methods, such as preparation strategies for gold, silver, and platinum nanoclusters and their adaptability in different environments. Combined with various sensing mechanisms such as fluorescence enhancement, fluorescence burst, and colorimetric sensing, this study further explores the application of nanocluster-based sensors in food detection. For key detection targets such as heavy metal ions, pesticide residues, and microbial contamination, these technologies demonstrate strong potential to improve the efficiency and accuracy of food safety detection, providing important technical support for the development of food safety and quality testing.