Abstract: Functional constipation (FC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with complex causes. It is characterized by decreased bowel movement frequency, dry and hard stools, difficult defecation, or incomplete evacuation. And these symptoms might significantly impact the life quality of patients. Currently, there are numerous medications available for FC. However, they often lead to issues such as limited efficacy, significant toxic side effects, and low patient compliance. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the development and application of bioactive ingredients derived from medicine food homology plants. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various bioactive compounds derived from medicinal and edible plants exert significant benefits in alleviating FC. This review comprehensively summarizes domestic and international research advancements and elucidates the potential pathogenesis of FC. Furthermore, therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of bioactive components derived from medicinal and edible homologous plants in alleviating FCs are systematically examined. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for the development of functional foods or dietary supplements with demonstrated efficacy against FC.