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中国精品科技期刊2020
杨依然,臧明伍,邹波,等. 牦牛肉湿法成熟过程中品质变化规律[J]. 食品工业科技,2025,46(24):1−10. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020062.
引用本文: 杨依然,臧明伍,邹波,等. 牦牛肉湿法成熟过程中品质变化规律[J]. 食品工业科技,2025,46(24):1−10. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020062.
YANG Yiran, ZANG Mingwu, ZOU Bo, et al. Quality Changes of Yak Meat during Wet Aging[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(24): 1−10. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020062.
Citation: YANG Yiran, ZANG Mingwu, ZOU Bo, et al. Quality Changes of Yak Meat during Wet Aging[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(24): 1−10. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020062.

牦牛肉湿法成熟过程中品质变化规律

Quality Changes of Yak Meat during Wet Aging

  • 摘要: 为探究牦牛肉湿法成熟过程的品质变化规律,对24~36月龄放牧牦牛背最长肌进行4 ℃湿法成熟(1~19 d),测定其肌糖原、pH、水分含量、蒸煮损失、色差、羟脯氨酸含量、肌原纤维蛋白降解情况、剪切力、菌落总数(Total Viable Count,TVC)、挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen,TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,TBARS)值和气味变化。结果显示:随着湿法成熟的进行,牦牛肉的pH呈先下降后升高的趋势,并在第7~10 d达到极限pH;a*值呈增高趋势,色泽显著改善(P<0.05);TVC和TVB-N值分别在第16 d和第19 d超过食品安全限值;湿法成熟10 d时,剪切力达到5 kg以下;气味物质主要在4~13 d生成,氮氧化物、硫化物、吡嗪、萜类、甲基类及芳香族化合物的气味强度明显升高,16~19 d则以生成腐败相关代谢物为主。综合食用品质和安全,牦牛肉10~15 d的湿法成熟可以在保证安全品质的前提下,显著提升牦牛肉食用品质。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the quality changes of yak meat during wet-aging, the longissimus dorsi muscles from healthy grazing yaks aged 24~36 months were vacuum-packaged and aged at 4 ℃ for 19 days. Glycogen content, pH, moisture content, cooking loss, color difference, hydroxyproline content, myofibrillar protein degradation, shear force, total viable count (TVC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobar-bituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and odor changes were measured. The results showed that during wet aging, the pH of yak meat initially decreased and then increased, reaching the ultimate pH between days 7 and 10. The a* value exhibited an increasing trend, indicating a significant improvement in color. TVC and TVB-N values reached food safety limits on days 16 and 19, respectively. By day 10 of wet-aging, the shear force dropped below 5 kg. Volatile flavor compounds were primarily generated between days 4 and 13, and the odor intensity of nitrogen oxides, sulfides, pyrazines, terpenes, methyl compounds, and aromatic compounds increased significantly, whereas the spoilage-related metabolites were produced during 16~19 d. Considering both quality and safety, wet aging for 10 to 15 days significantly improves the edible quality of yak meat.

     

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