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中国精品科技期刊2020
杨依然,臧明伍,邹波,等. 牦牛肉湿法成熟过程中品质变化规律[J]. 食品工业科技,2025,46(24):1−10. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020062.
引用本文: 杨依然,臧明伍,邹波,等. 牦牛肉湿法成熟过程中品质变化规律[J]. 食品工业科技,2025,46(24):1−10. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020062.
YANG Yiran, ZANG Mingwu, ZOU Bo, et al. Quality Changes of Yak Meat during Wet-aging[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(24): 1−10. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020062.
Citation: YANG Yiran, ZANG Mingwu, ZOU Bo, et al. Quality Changes of Yak Meat during Wet-aging[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(24): 1−10. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020062.

牦牛肉湿法成熟过程中品质变化规律

Quality Changes of Yak Meat during Wet-aging

  • 摘要: 为探究牦牛肉湿法成熟过程的品质变化规律,对24~36月龄放牧牦牛背最长肌进行4 ℃湿法成熟(1~19 d),测定其肌糖原、pH、水分含量、蒸煮损失、色差、羟脯氨酸含量、肌原纤维蛋白降解情况、剪切力、菌落总数(TVC)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、脂质氧化(TBARS)、气味等指标。结果显示:随着湿法成熟的进行,牦牛肉的pH呈先下降后升高的趋势,并在第7~10 d达到极限pH;a*值呈增高趋势,色泽显著改善(P<0.05);TVC和TVB-N值分别在第16 d和第19 d超过食品安全限值,符合食用安全标准;湿法成熟10 d时,剪切力达到5 kg以下;气味物质主要在4~13 d生成,氮氧化物、硫化物、吡嗪、萜类、甲基类及芳香族化合物的气味强度明显升高,16~19 d则以生成腐败相关代谢物为主。综合食用品质和安全,牦牛肉10~15 d的湿法成熟可以在保证安全品质的前提下,显著提升牦牛肉食用品质。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the quality changes of yak meat during wet-aging, the longissimus dorsi muscles from healthy grazing yaks aged 24~36 months were vacuum-packaged and aged at 4 ℃ for 19 days. Glycogen content, pH, moisture content, cooking loss, color difference, hydroxyproline content, myofibrillar protein degradation, shear force, total viable count (TVC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), lipid oxidation (TBARS), and odor were measured. The results showed that during wet aging, the pH of yak meat initially decreased and then increased, reaching the ultimate pH between days 7 and 10. The a* value exhibited an increasing trend, indicating a significant improvement in color. TVC and TVB-N values reached food safety limits on days 16 and 19, respectively, confirming compliance with edible safety standards. By day 10 of wet-aging, the shear force dropped below 5 kg. Volatile flavor compounds were primarily generated between days 4 and 13, and the odor intensity of nitrogen oxides, sulfides, pyrazines, terpenes, methyl compounds, and aromatic compounds increased significantly, whereas the spoilage-related metabolites were produced during 16~19 d. Considering both quality and safety, wet-aging for 10 to 15 days significantly improves the edible quality of yak meat.

     

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