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中国精品科技期刊2020
马婵,杜紫薇,牛犇,等. 远红外联合热泵干燥葡萄过程中干燥特性及葡萄干品质的变化[J]. 食品工业科技,2026,47(2):1−9. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020206.
引用本文: 马婵,杜紫薇,牛犇,等. 远红外联合热泵干燥葡萄过程中干燥特性及葡萄干品质的变化[J]. 食品工业科技,2026,47(2):1−9. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020206.
MA Chan, DU Ziwei, NIU Ben, et al. Changes of Drying Characteristics and Raisin Quality in the Process of Drying Grape by Far-infrared Combined Heat Pumps[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026, 47(2): 1−9. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020206.
Citation: MA Chan, DU Ziwei, NIU Ben, et al. Changes of Drying Characteristics and Raisin Quality in the Process of Drying Grape by Far-infrared Combined Heat Pumps[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026, 47(2): 1−9. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020206.

远红外联合热泵干燥葡萄过程中干燥特性及葡萄干品质的变化

Changes of Drying Characteristics and Raisin Quality in the Process of Drying Grape by Far-infrared Combined Heat Pumps

  • 摘要: 为探究葡萄在远红外联合热泵干燥过程中的水分迁移及品质变化,采用低场核磁共振及成像技术对其干燥特性和质子密度成像进行分析,并研究在热泵60、80和100 ℃温度下葡萄干的微观结构和营养品质。结果表明:热泵温度为60、80和100 ℃时到达干燥终点的时间分别为600、540和480 min,不同热泵温度下,葡萄干低场核磁T2图谱整体向左移动且信号幅值逐渐降低。低场核磁结果表明,葡萄干外部的自由水最先被脱除,内部的水分向外迁移,温度越高迁移的速率越快。微观结构观察显示,随着热泵温度升高,葡萄干细胞结构破坏加剧。热泵温度为80 ℃时,葡萄干的L*值相较60 ℃和100 ℃分别提高11.23%和4.68%,可溶性固形物(Total Soluble Solids, TSS)含量分别提高31.42%和33.45%;可滴定酸(Titratable Acidity,TA)含量分别降低13.09%和6.59%,表明80 ℃处理更有利于保持葡萄干的色泽、可溶性固形物含量,并减少有机酸降解。此外80 ℃干燥后葡萄干的维生素C(Vc)、总酚、总黄酮和花色苷含量分别比干燥前下降78.28%、66.01%、40.59%和77.14%,与60 ℃和100 ℃相比,80 ℃干燥时的营养成分损失最小。综上所述,远红外联合热泵干燥的温度为80 ℃是加工葡萄制品的最佳温度,是提升葡萄制品质量的关键工艺参数。

     

    Abstract: This study investigated moisture migration and quality changes in grape during the far-infrared combined heat pump drying process, utilizing low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and imaging techniques to analyze drying characteristics and proton density imaging. The research further examined the microstructure and nutritional quality of raisins subjected to heat pump temperatures of 60 ℃, 80 ℃, and 100 ℃. The results revealed that the drying endpoint was reached in 600 min, 540 min, and 480 min at temperatures of 60 ℃, 80 ℃, and 100 ℃, respectively. Under varying heat pump temperatures, the low-field NMR T2 spectra of raisins exhibited a consistent leftward shift, accompanied by a gradual decrease in signal amplitude. The NMR results suggested that the free water on the surface of the raisins was removed first, while internal moisture migrated outward, with an increased migration rate at higher temperatures. Microstructural observations demonstrated that increased heat pump temperatures correlated with increased structural damage to grape cells. At a heat pump temperature of 80 ℃, the L* value of raisins increased by 11.23% and 4.68% compared to 60 ℃ and 100 ℃, respectively; the total soluble solids (TSS) content rose by 31.42% and 33.45%; and the titratable acid (TA) content decreased by 13.09% and 6.59%. These findings suggested that treatment at 80 ℃ was more effective in preserving the color, total soluble solids content, and in mitigating the degradation of organic acids in raisins. Furthermore, at this temperature, the contents of Vitamin C (Vc), total phenols, total flavonoids, and anthocyanins decreased by 78.28%, 66.01%, 40.59%, and 77.14%, respectively, compared to their levels before drying. The nutritional loss of raisins was minimal at 80 ℃ when compared to 60 ℃ and 100 ℃. In conclusion, 80 ℃ is identified as the optimal temperature for far-infrared combined heat pump drying, serving as a key process parameter for enhancing the quality of grape products.

     

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