Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by excessive beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein accumulation in the brain, leading to neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. Recent studies suggest that resveratrol (Res), a natural polyphenol, may mitigate AD-related cognitive dysfunction by targeting Aβ-induced neurotoxicity through multiple mechanisms. This article systematically reviews the relevant research on the improvement of cognitive dysfunction in AD by Res, with a focus on elucidating its mechanisms of action, including promoting Aβ clearance, inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses, and protecting neuronal function, as well as the associated signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for further exploration of Res as a potential therapeutic or dietary intervention for AD.