Abstract: Food quality and safety have become major global concerns, driving the urgent demand from both consumers and industry for rapid, non-destructive methods to assess quality changes and ensure product safety. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI), as an emerging non-destructive technology, has shown great promise in food quality monitoring in recent years. By capturing abundant spectral information and integrating it with chemometrics and computational modeling, HSI enables multi-dimensional analysis of food quality, offering a scientific basis for quality assessment. Accordingly, this review introduces the fundamental principles, system components, and data processing techniques of HSI, and summarizes recent advancements in its application for quality monitoring during food processing and storage. Furthermore, it discusses current challenges and future development prospects, with the aim of providing a reference for future research and broader application of HSI in the food industry.