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中国精品科技期刊2020

真空低温烹饪对赣味啤酒烧麻鸭品质特性及风味特征的影响

Effects of Sous Vide Cooking on the Quality Characteristics and Flavor Profile of Gan-Style Beer-Braised Mash Duck

  • 摘要: 啤酒烧麻鸭是赣味菜系中极具地域特色的代表性菜肴,传统高温炖煮过程常导致鸭肉硬化、水分流失与风味物质降解等品质缺陷,制约了其工业化生产与标准化发展。本研究采用真空低温烹饪(Sous vide cooking,SVC)技术,系统地探究不同温度(70、80、90 ℃)与时间(6、8、10 h)对啤酒烧麻鸭品质与风味的影响。通过品质特性(色泽、质构)分析、扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)观察、电子舌检测、游离氨基酸(Free Amino Acid,FAA)定量检测及气相色谱-质谱联用(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)与气相色谱-离子迁移谱(Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry,GC-IMS)技术,综合对鸭肉的品质与风味特征进行系统表征与关联性分析。结果表明SVC处理组蒸煮损失可降低至40%以下(传统炖煮为46.13%),可改善保水性及嫩度,提升质构品质;SEM观察证实SVC处理能减轻肌肉纤维断裂与结构损伤,这是其减少水分溶出的微观机制。滋味分析表明,SVC处理组鲜味响应相对增强,且FAA积累更为突出,其中70 ℃处理组谷氨酸含量最高(664.24 mg/100 g)。挥发性风味物质分析显示,SVC处理可完整保留整体风味轮廓,同时降低己醛、庚醛、1-辛烯-3-醇等不良风味成分的含量;其中在80 ℃、6 h条件下,样品中挥发性风味物质种类更丰富,且关键风味成分相对含量较高。综上,SVC工艺在改善啤酒烧麻鸭品质与风味方面优势显著,其中80 ℃、6 h为本研究最优参数。研究结果可为赣味传统中式菜肴的标准化加工、风味定向调控与品质提升提供了可行的技术参考与理论依据。

     

    Abstract: Beer-braised spiced duck is a representative dish of Jiangxi cuisine with distinct regional characteristics. However, its industrial production and standardization are hindered by the traditional high-temperature stewing process, which often leads to quality defects such as meat hardening, moisture loss, and degradation of flavor compounds. This study systematically investigated the effects of sous vide cooking (SVC) under varying temperatures (70, 80, 90 ℃) and durations (6, 8, 10 h) on the quality and flavor attributes of beer-braised spiced duck. A comprehensive characterization and correlation analysis of the duck meat's quality and flavor attributes were conducted using instrumental quality evaluation (color, texture), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electronic tongue analysis, free amino acids (FAA) quantification, as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). The results indicated that SVC treatment reduced cooking loss to below 40% (compared to 46.13% for traditional stewing), improved water-holding capacity and tenderness, and enhanced textural quality. SEM observations confirmed that SVC treatment alleviated muscle fiber rupture and structural damage, revealing the microstructural mechanism for its reduced moisture release. Taste analysis showed that the SVC-treated groups exhibited a relatively enhanced umami response and more pronounced FAA accumulation, with the highest glutamate content (664.24 mg/100 g) found in the 70 ℃ group. Volatile flavor analysis revealed that SVC treatment preserved the overall flavor profile while reducing the content of undesirable compounds such as hexanal, heptanal, and 1-octen-3-ol. Specifically, samples treated at 80 ℃ for 6 h exhibited a more diverse array of volatile flavor compounds and higher relative contents of key flavor components. In conclusion, SVC demonstrates significant advantages in improving the quality and flavor of beer-braised spiced duck, with 80 ℃ for 6 h identified as the optimal parameter in this study. These findings provide a feasible technological reference and theoretical basis for the standardized processing, flavor-oriented regulation, and quality enhancement of traditional Jiangxi dishes.

     

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