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中国精品科技期刊2020

高压静电场结合冰温贮藏对猪肉保鲜品质的影响

Effects of High-Voltage Electrostatic Field Combined with Chilled Storage on the Preservation Quality of Pork

  • 摘要: 为改善猪肉在保鲜冷链物流运输过程中的品质劣变问题,本研究以猪里脊肉为实验材料,对比分析4 ℃±0.1 ℃冷藏、0 ℃±0.1 ℃冷藏、−0.5 ℃±0.1 ℃冰温三个温度条件下施加高压静电场(High voltage electrostatic field,HVEF)和未施加HVEF处理(对照组)对猪里脊肉菌落总数、丙二醛含量、新鲜度、色差、贮藏损失、蒸煮损失、氢质子密度成像以及感官评价等保鲜品质指标的影响。结果表明:在贮藏期内,HVEF处理可有效抑制微生物的生长,经HVEF处理后4 ℃±0.1 ℃冷藏、0 ℃±0.1 ℃冷藏及−0.5 ℃±0.1 ℃冰温的猪肉货架期分别由8 d延长至12 d、由16 d延长至18 d、由18 d延长至22 d。同时HVEF处理可显著延缓新鲜度下降,降低丙二醛含量增长速率(P<0.05)。冰温叠加HVEF的保鲜效果显著(P<0.05)。肉色方面,HVEF处理在4 ℃下可显著提高猪肉亮度,在0 ℃及−0.5 ℃下显著抑制肉色变黄,维持原料肉鲜红色泽(P<0.05)。0 ℃及−0.5 ℃下肉色色差保持稳定。保水性上,4 ℃及0 ℃下HVEF处理均可显著减少贮藏损失(P<0.05)。HVEF处理在4 ℃以及0 ℃及−0.5 ℃的贮藏前期可显著降低蒸煮损失(P<0.05)。此外,HVEF处理对于肌肉的含水量保持没有明显影响,HVEF处理对保持肉质感官有一定作用。综上,HVEF结合低温贮藏可以有效延长猪里脊肉货架期,并保持其品质及新鲜度,与常规4 ℃冷藏相比,HVEF结合−0.5 ℃±0.1 ℃冰温保藏保鲜效果最佳,具备实际应用价值。本研究为电场辅助低温保鲜技术提供了理论支持,以期为猪肉贮藏保鲜以及冷链物流运输提供新方法与技术路径。

     

    Abstract: To improve the quality deterioration of pork during the cold chain logistics transportation, this study used pork tenderloin as the experimental material and compared the effects of applying high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) and not applying HVEF (control group) on the preservation quality indicators such as total bacterial count, malondialdehyde content, freshness, color difference, storage loss, cooking loss, hydrogen proton density imaging of pork tenderloin and sensory evaluation under three temperature conditions of 4 ℃±0.1 ℃ refrigeration, 0 ℃±0.1 ℃ refrigeration and −0.5 ℃±0.1 ℃ ice temperature. The results showed that during the storage period, HVEF treatment could effectively inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The shelf life of pork stored at 4 ℃±0.1 ℃ refrigeration, 0 ℃±0.1 ℃ refrigeration and −0.5 ℃±0.1 ℃ ice temperature was extended from 8 days to 12 days, from 16 days to 18 days and from 18 days to 22 days, respectively, after HVEF treatment. At the same time, HVEF treatment could significantly delay the decline in freshness and reduce the growth rate of malondialdehyde content (P<0.05). The preservation effect of ice temperature combined with HVEF was significant (P<0.05). In terms of meat color, HVEF treatment could significantly increase the brightness of pork at 4 ℃ and significantly inhibit the yellowing of meat color at 0 ℃ and −0.5 ℃, maintaining the fresh red color of raw meat (P<0.05). The color difference of meat color remained stable at 0 ℃ and −0.5 ℃.In terms of water retention, HVEF treatment could significantly reduce storage loss at 4 ℃ and 0 ℃ (P<0.05). HVEF treatment could significantly reduce cooking loss in the early stage of storage at 4 ℃, 0 ℃ and −0.5 ℃ (P<0.05). In addition, HVEF treatment had no significant effect on the water content of the muscle. In conclusion, the combination of HVEF and low-temperature storage can effectively extend the shelf life of pork tenderloin and maintain its quality and freshness. Compared with conventional 4 ℃ refrigeration, the combination of HVEF and −0.5 ℃±0.1 ℃ ice temperature preservation has the best preservation effect and practical application value. This study provides theoretical support for the development of electric field-assisted low-temperature preservation technology, with the aim of providing new methods and technical paths for the storage and cold chain logistics transportation of pork.

     

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