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中国精品科技期刊2020

复合酶处理对板栗饮料稳定性、淀粉结构及挥发性化合物的影响

Effects of Complex Enzyme Hydrolysis on Stability, Starch Structure and Volatile Compounds of Chestnut Beverage

  • 摘要: 为解决板栗饮料易沉淀、体系不稳定的问题,以离心沉淀率和静置分层率为指标,利用单因素及正交实验筛选最优复合酶组分并确定其复配比,再经响应面法优化酶解工艺条件,并分析复合酶处理对板栗饮料理化性质、淀粉结构及挥发性化合物的影响。结果表明,α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、异淀粉酶与脂肪酶为提升板栗饮料稳定性的最优复合酶组分,其最佳质量复配比为5:5:4:4,最佳酶解工艺条件为:pH5.0、复合酶添加量0.69%(w/w)、56 ℃下水解170 min。复合酶处理后,离心沉淀率与静置分层率显著降低(P<0.05),葡萄糖、麦芽糖含量显著增加(P<0.05)。扫描电镜(SEM)显示,酶解后淀粉颗粒破裂、粒径减小且结构松散。高效液相色谱(HPLC)与核磁共振(NMR)联合分析证实,复合酶处理可提高淀粉分子结构复杂度,协调其链长分布并提高分支度。顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME-GC-MS)检测结果表明,酶解后挥发性化合物种类及含量增加,带有花果香、脂香等愉悦风味的醇类、酮类及烃类物质含量显著上升(P<0.05),风味品质明显改善。综上,复合酶处理可降解板栗中大分子物质、重构淀粉结构,实现板栗饮料稳定性提升及产品风味改善,为板栗饮料品质提升提供了理论依据。

     

    Abstract: To address the issues of easy sedimentation and unstable system in chestnut beverages, using centrifugal precipitation rate and static stratification rate as indicators, the optimal complex enzyme components were screened by single factor and orthogonal experiments, and the composite ratio was determined. Then the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were optimized by response surface methodology, and the effects of complex enzyme hydrolysis on the physicochemical properties, starch structure and volatile compounds of chestnut beverage were analyzed. Results showed that, α-amylase, cellulase, isoamylase, and lipase were the optimal complex enzyme components to improve the stability of chestnut beverage, and the optimal mass ratio was 5:5:4:4, and the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were confirmed as follows: pH5.0, dosage of 0.69% (w/w), at 56 ℃ for 170 min. After complex enzyme hydrolysis, the centrifugal precipitation rate and static stratification rate were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The contents of glucose and maltose after enzymatic hydrolysis increased significantly (P<0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that the starch particles were broken, the particle size of starch granules was reduced and the structure became loose after enzymatic hydrolysis. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicated that complex enzyme hydrolysis could enhance the complexity of starch molecular structure, coordinate the chain length distribution and increase the branching degree. Headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) found that the types and contents of volatile compounds increased after enzymatic hydrolysis. The content of alcohols, ketones and hydrocarbons with flower and fruit aroma, fat aroma and other pleasant flavors increased significantly (P<0.05), and the flavor quality was significantly improved. To sum up, complex enzymatic hydrolysis could degrade the macromolecular substances in chestnut, reconstruct the starch structure, improve the stability and flavor of chestnut beverage, which would provide a theoretical basis for improving product quality.

     

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