Abstract:
Mycotoxin contamination poses a severe threat to global food security and public health. Owing to its broad substrate specificity, mild reaction conditions, and profound detoxification of degradation products, laccase has demonstrated promising application prospects in the biodetoxification of mycotoxins and has been officially included in the authorized list of food enzyme preparations under Chinese food safety regulations. However, the industrial application of free laccase is largely hindered by its inherent poor stability and limited reusability. To address these limitations, immobilization technologies have been employed to confine laccase onto various supports via physical or chemical approaches, thereby significantly enhancing its operational stability and recyclability. This review systematically summarizes the primary immobilization methods—namely adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and cross-linking—alongside the development of novel support materials, including nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and functionalized biochar. Furthermore, it highlights recent advancements in the application of immobilized laccase toward the degradation of typical mycotoxins, notably aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN).Additionally, this review critically analyzes the current bottlenecks restricting the industrial-scale application of immobilized laccase and outlines future perspectives for its utilization in the food and feed industries. Ultimately, this work intends to lay a solid theoretical basis and technical reference for the efficient biodegradation of mycotoxins.